Hepatitis A & E
1.What is the primary route of transmission for Hepatitis A and E?
Fecal-oral route.
What population is most affected by Rotavirus?
Children under 5 years old.
What is another name for Norwalk virus?
Norovirus
Astroviruses commonly cause infections in which age group?
Children
What diagnostic technique detects viral RNA?
RT-PCR
What type of virus causes Hepatitis A?
Picornavirus
What kind of genome does Rotavirus have?
Double-stranded RNA.
What is the most common setting for Norovirus outbreaks?
Cruise ships.
What shape is the capsid of Astroviruses?
Star-shaped
What is the role of ELISA in viral diagnosis?
Detects viral antigens or antibodies.
What type of nucleic acid is found in Hepatitis E?
Single-stranded RNA
Name one commonly used diagnostic test for Rotavirus.
Stool antigen ELISA test.
What type of nucleic acid is found in Norwalk virus?
Single-stranded RNA.
Which clinical symptom is most associated with Astrovirus infections?
Mild diarrhea.
What does a positive IgM result indicate in viral diagnostics?
Acute infection.
Name the most common diagnostic test for detecting Hepatitis A infection.
Anti-HAV IgM ELISA test.
What is the primary clinical symptom of Rotavirus infection?
Severe diarrhea.
What is a primary method of diagnosing Norovirus infections?
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
How are Astrovirus infections most commonly transmitted?
Fecal-oral route.
Name one stool-based diagnostic technique for enteric viruses?
Antigen detection via ELISA or RT-PCR.
What is a major risk factor for contracting Hepatitis E in endemic regions?
Consumption of contaminated water.
Which part of the gastrointestinal system does Rotavirus primarily infect?
Small intestine
What is the incubation period of Norovirus?
12-48 hours.
What diagnostic method is most frequently used for Astrovirus?
RT-PCR or ELISA.
What is the gold standard for identifying viruses at the molecular level?
Nucleic acid amplification tests (e.g., RT-PCR).