Exotoxins
Gram Positive Bugs
Endotoxins
Gram Negative Bugs
I'm Special
100
Inactivates EF-2 leading to host cell death
What is Exotoxin A?
100
This cocci appears in clusters & is catalase (+)
What is Staphylococcus?
100
Found in the outer membrane of Gram(-) bacteria, this endotoxin is composed of an O-antigen, a core polysaccharide & Lipid A
What is LPS?
100
This oxidase (+) curved rod flagellated organism produces urease to allow survival in acidic mucosa
What is H. pylori?
100
This bacteria requires Chocolate agar medium containing factors V (NAD+) & X (hematin)
What is H. influenzae?
200
Inactivates 60S ribosome, manifesting as dysentery & Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)
What is Shiga toxin
200
This cocci appears in pairs or chains & is catalase (-)
What is Streptococcus?
200
This toxic component activates macrophages (TLR4/CD14), the complement system & tissue factors
What is Lipid-A component of LPS?
200
This small coccobacillary rod is transmitted via respiratory droplets and causes epiglottis, meningitis, otitis media & pneumonia
What is H. influenzae?
200
These 2 Neisseria spp. require Thayer-Martin agar, which inhibits growth of Gram (+) organisms with vancomycin
What are N. gonorrhoae & N. meningitides?
300
Inactivates EF-2, manifesting as pharyngitis with pseudomembranes, 'Bull neck' lymphadenopathy & myocarditis
What is Diphtheria toxin?
300
This Staphylococcal spp. is known to infect prosthetic devices & IV catheters
What is Staph. epidermidis?
300
This effect of Lipid-A leads to fever & hypotension
What is macrophage activation?
300
This special aerobic coccobacillus presents in 3 clinical stages:
1) Catarrhal
2) Paroxysmal
3) Convalescent
What is B. pertussis?
300
This bug needs Bordet-Gengou agar, or Regan-Lowe, which contains charcoal, blood & antibiotics
What is Bordetella pertussis?
400
Over-activates AC leading to ↑ cAMP
Manifests as watery diarrhea
What is Heat-labile toxin?
400
This Staphylococcus spp. is known to cause TSST-1, Scalded skin syndrome & rapid onset food poisoning
What is Staph. aureus?
400
This effect of Lipid-A leads to histamine release, hypotension, edema & neutrophil chemotaxis
What is Complement system activation?
400
This special rod-shaped organism is known to cause outbreaks on cruise ships and in nursing homes
What is Legionella pneumophila?
400
This bug can be isolated using Lowenstein-Jensen medium
What is M. tuberculosis?
500
Over-activates guanylate cyclase to ↑cGMP
Manifests as watery diarrhea
What is Heat-stable toxin?
500
This Staphylococcus spp. is the 2nd most common cause of uncomplicated UTIs in young females
What is Staph. saprophyticus?
500
This effect of Lipid-A leads to activation of the coagulation cascade, eventually causing DIC
What is tissue factor activation?
500
This aerobic rod causes pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients and can be transmitted between patients
What is Burkholderia cepacia complex.
500
This bug grows in Eaton agar as it requires cholesterol
What is M. pneumoniae?