bacteria basics
What is a Gram stain?
Gram stain divides bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative
Syphilis
Caused by Treponema pallidum
This structure controls what enters and leaves the bacterial cell
Cell membrane
The most widely used disinfectant in embalming
Formaldehyde
Fungi are eukaryotes that can be single-celled like ______ or multicellular like molds
Yeast
What are the bacteria's shapes?
Cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla/spirochetes (spiral)
TB
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The whip-like structure used by some bacteria for movement.
Flagellum
Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) are primarily used for what
Disinfecting surfaces and instruments
Protozoa live mostly in ______ environments.
Moist or aquatic
What are Capsules?
The protective sticky layer is called a capsule or glycocalyx.
what is an example of Enteric bacilli
Escherichia coli.
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of this substance in their cell walls.
Peptidoglycan
This is commonly used in surgical scrubs and wound cleansing.
Iodine
Fungi reproduce by producing these resistant structures
Spores
Are Viruses living?
Viruses are not considered living since they require a host to replicate
Gangrene
Often caused by Clostridium perfringens.
These small circular DNA molecules can carry antibiotic resistance genes
Plasmids
This gas sterilant is used for delicate medical instruments
Ethylene oxide
The dormant, resistant stage of protozoa that helps them survive outside a host
Cyst
What is SDS?
Safety Data Sheet, important for handling chemicals safely.
Prion disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
This bacterial structure allows survival in harsh conditions for long periods
Endospore
This aldehyde is used as a high-level disinfectant and is less irritating than formaldehyde.
Glutaraldehyde
The fungus that causes ringworm and athlete’s foot
Dermatophytes or Trichophyton