Blood Protozoa
Sickle cell trait confers protection primarily against which of the following species of Plasmodium?
A.Plasmodium falciparum
B.Plasmodium malariae
C.Plasmodium ovale
D.Plasmodium vivax
A.Plasmodium falciparum
Which blood agar result is most associated with Clostridium perfringens?
A.Double zone of hemolysis
B.Green halo
C. No hemolysis
D.Total clearing (beta)
A. Double Zone of Hemolysis
Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp. enter the brain via the:
A.Cribriform plate
B.Dental caries
C.Meninges
D.Middle ear
A. Cribiform Plate
What is an important activity restriction to place on patients with mononucleosis?
A.They should not drink alcohol
B.They should not have sexual intercourse
C.They should not play football
D.They should not swim
C. They should not play football
Which of the following is a manifestation of Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
A.Flaccid paralysis
B.Heart failure
C.Necrotic skin ulcers
D.Recurrent fever
B. Heart Failure
Which of the following represents the first and second choice treatments, respectively, for pulmonary anthrax?
A.Ampicillin and Gentamicin
B.Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin
C.Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline
D. Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Vancomycin
C.Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline
Patients with Candida albicans bloodstream infections are at increased risk for:
A.Aortitis
B.Endocarditis affecting the mitral valves
C.Endocarditis affecting the tricuspid valves
D.Hepatic infection
C.Endocarditis affecting the tricuspid valves
What family of viruses does HHV-6 belong to?
A.Adenoviridae
B.Herpesviridae
C.Papillomaviridae
D.Poxviridae
B Herpesviridae
Which of the following is a manifestation of Leishmania braziliensis infection?
A.Leonine facies
B.Flat warts on the hands
C.Hairless skin plaques without sensation
D.Skin ulcerations
D. Skin ulcerations
Which of the following features of Listeria monocytogenes causes serious illness in patients with compromised immune systems?
A.Exotoxin
B.Facultatively intracellular
C.Obligate anaerobe
D.Spore formation
B.Facultatively intracellular
The most common presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in the immunocompromised is:
A.Chronic diarrhea
B.Dyspnea and hemoptysis
C.Fungal meningitis
D.Sepsis
C.Fungal meningitis
How would an immunocompetent adult manifest symptoms of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection?
A.Fever and colitis
B.Fever and jaundice
C.Fever and pneumonia
D.Fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis
D. Fever, Lymphadenopathy, Pharyngitis
A traveler returning from India comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of recurrent fevers, shaking chills, sweats, and headache. She states that she was prescribed some prophylactic medications for her travels but did not take them due to side effects. Physical examination shows pale conjunctiva, scleral icterus, and hepatosplenomegaly. Blood studies show thrombocytopenia and demonstrate evidence of mild hemolytic anemia. Which of the following tests should be performed to make the diagnosis?
A.Blood smear and acid-fast stain
B.Blood smear and Giemsa stain
C.Blood smear and India ink stain
D.Blood smear and silver stain
B.Blood smear and Giemsa stain
Which is the recommended treatment regimen for lepromatous leprosy?
A.Clofazimine only
B.Dapsone and rifampin only
C. Dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine
D. No pharmaceutical treatment necessary as this form of disease is benign and self-limiting.
C. Dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA):
A. Is a type II hypersensitivity mediated reaction.
B. Is an AIDS-defining illness.
C. Is an IgE mediated process.
D. Is characterized by hematemesis and non-migratory pulmonary infiltrates.
C. Is an IgE mediated process.
JC polyomavirus is associated with which disease?
A.Chronic pyelonephritis
B.Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
C.Renal papillary necrosis
D.Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
B.Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
A businessman experiences a fever accompanied by chills, body aches, and fatigue two weeks after traveling to Argentina to evaluate the market for a new beauty product his company is developing. He received a diagnosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency six years ago. Microscopic examination of thick and thin blood smears is consistent with Plasmodium vivax infection. When treating this patient, which of the following drugs should be avoided?
A.Artemether-lumefantrine
B.Atovoquone-proguanil
C.Chloroquine
D.Primaquine
D. Primaquine
A mother brings her 15 year old daughter to your ER. Her mother thinks the devil has possessed the girl. The adolescent has an odd facial expression and her neck is rigid. Her mother denies drug use. Which of the following best explain the mechanism behind this child’s presentation?
A.A bacterial toxin acting at the postsynaptic nerve
B.A bacterial toxin acting at the spinal cord
C.A seizure disorder in status epilepticus
D.A toxic effect of cocaine
B.A bacterial toxin acting at the spinal cord
On MRI imaging, Cryptococcus neoformans meningeal infections appear as:
A.Fluid-filled collections
B.Ring enhancing lesions
C.Solid masses
D.“Soap bubbles”
D.“Soap bubbles”
22.When does the rash from HHV-6 appear?
A.After the fever subsides
B.Before the fever
C.The first day of the fever
D.The third day of the fever
A. After the fever subsides