Moments in History
This year was when the CRISPR-Cas9 system developed as a tool for gene editing. (1996, 2000, 2012, or 2018).
2012
A microbiological technique used to isolate pure strains of microorganisms in plates.
Streaking
Type of bacteria that has a thick peptidoglycan outer layer and plasma membrane.
Gram positive bacteria
Water rushes into a bacterial cell if it is in this type of environment
hypotonic
The first polio vaccine was developed by this person.
Jonas Salk
In 1796, Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox by using ___ material (a milder infection).
Cowpox
A technique in laboratory that ensures sterility in handling microorganisms.
Aseptic technique
Bacillus anthracis causes this disease.
Anthrax
What are the three basic bacterial shapes?
A: Cocci, spirochetes, and bacili
This person coined the term “cell.”
Robert Hooke
In 1885, Pasteur developed a ____ vaccine.
Rabies
A measure used to estimate the number of viral or bacterial particles capable of forming plaques in a culture.
Plaque Forming Units
Lactobacillus is a beneficial bacterium for gut health commonly used in production of this product.
Yogurt
A primary protein structure is made up of a chain of ____.
amino acids
___ was the first to discover bacteria through the use of a microscope.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
In this year, the 3-domain hypothesis was published by Carl Woese, establishing Archaea as a separate domain of life (1950, 1969, 1977, 1995).
1977
A microbiology technique used to increase the permeability of cell membranes by applying an electrical field.
Electroporation
Produces botulinum toxin, one of the deadliest neurotoxins. It is used in Botox treatments and grows in low-oxygen conditions like canned foods.
Clostridium botulinum
Ether-linked membrane lipids are present in this type of cell.
Archaea
This person discovered penicillin.
Alexander Fleming
In this year, Gram staining was discovered as a way to classify bacteria.
1884
A type of light microscope that uses only the light scattered by the specimen. producing a contrast-enhanced image by indirect illumination.
Darkfield Microscopy
Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic microbe causing this disease.
Malaria
Monosaccharides are linked by ___ bonds to form polysaccharides.
glycosidic
The endosymbiotic theory was advanced by ___.
Lynn Margulis