Disease
A disease is an...
abnormal state in which (part or all of) the body is not functioning normally
Etiology is...
The study of the cause of disease
Pathogenicity is...
The ability to cause disease
Innate Immunity is...
Refers to all body defenses that protect the body against ANY kind of pathogen
Adaptive Immunity is...
immunity from a specific antibody and lymphocyte response to a specific antigen
a systemic infection that began as a local infection
Epidemiology is...
The study of the transmission, incidence, and frequency of a disease.
Carries virulence factors like toxin, R factor(resistance), enzymes...
Plasmids
Ciliary escalator...
microbes become trapped in mucus and are transported away from the lungs
Humoral Immunity involves...
Ab(antibodies) produced by B cells
A subacute disease is...
Development and duration between acute and chronic
Two predisposing factors could be....
Short urethra in women, inherited trait (sickle cell), weather, fatigue, age, lifestyle, or chemotherapy
Pathogens exit in...
secretions, excretions, and tissue that has been shed
Basophils...
release histamine causing inflammation and allergic responses
The 2 major types of T-cells are...
Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells
The three methods of disease transmission
1. Contact Transmission
2. Vehicle Transmission
3.Vector Transmission
Sporadic diseases occur...
occasionally in a population.
Pathogen cause direct damage by...
1. Penetration itself causes damages
2. Metabolizes in and ruptures/lysis host cell
3. Produces toxin
4. Produces waste
The mechanisms of Phagocytosis are...
1. Chemotaxis (chemical attraction of phagocyte to microorganisms)
2. Adherence (attachment of phagocytes' membrane to surface of microorganism)
3.Ingestion (phagocytes pseudopod extending around microorganism, uniting, and creating phagosome)
4.Digestion (fusion of phagosome and lysosome creating phagolysosome digesting microbe and leaving residual body)
5. Discharge of waste (removal of residual body by exocytosis)
The first Ab produced in response to infection...
IgM
The Periods of Disease are...
1. Incubation (time between initial infection and first appearance of signs/symptoms)
2. Prodromal (mild signs/symptoms)
3.Period of Illness (all signs/symptoms disease most acute)
4.Period of Decline (decrease in signs/symptoms ;vulnerable to secondary infection)
5. Period of Convalescence(returns to pre-disease state)
The process of Koch's postulates...
1. Pathogen isolated from diseased host grown in pure culture, and identified(documented)
2. Pathogen from pure culture must reproduce when inoculated into healthy, susceptible laboratory animal (same signs/symptoms)
3.Pathogen isolated from inoculated animal, grown in pure culture & must be shown to be original organism
4. Pathogen must be present in every case of disease
The stages of pathogenicity are...
1. gain access to host (exposure/portal of entry)
2.Adhere to host tissue
3. Penetrate/evade host's defenses
4. Damage host tissue
The three stages of Inflammation are...
1. Vasodilation & Increased permeability
2.Phagocytic Migration/Margination/Emigration
3.Tissue repair
The Four types of immunity are...
1.Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
2.Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
3.Artifically Acquired Active Immunity
4.Artifically Acquired Passive Immunity