Microbial Nutrition
Name of microbe that prefers O2 but has the option to grow without it
Facultative anaerobe
Name the microorganism that adapted to grow at high pressures
Barophiles
Bacteria reproduces by
Binary fission
Food spoilage vs. food contamination
Food spoilage is when microbial changes and metabolism affect food chemistry and make food unfit for consumption.
Food contamination is pathogens or harmful microbes in a food or beverage leading to food-borne illness
Bacterial have one chromosome that is ____.They make have additional DNA called ______.
circular, plasmids
Where do you find aerobic contents in a tube?
At the top of the tube
What microorganism thrives at high concentrations of salt?
Halophile
Which phase of the growth curve is the best to target antibiotics?
Log phase
Pasteurization kills spoilage bacteria and extends shelf life, but does not do what
Sterilize
How are bacterial genes arranged?
Operons
Chemically define media consists of what?
All the chemical components are known
What extremophile best thrives between room temp and body temp?
Mesophiles
When in the growth curve is the generation time the lowest?
Log phase
What does bactericidal mean?
Kills/destroys microbes
What enzyme makes the mistake of mutations?
DNA polymerase
Which microbe has no enzymes to detoxify the ROS?
Obligate anaerobe
What is the adaptation of extremophiles and pH?
Pump protons into or out of the cell to maintain a neutral pH
What is a biofilm?
matrix community of microbes that are attached to each other or a surface
What food preservation has cells in a state of plasmolysis?
Desiccation
Horizontal gene transfer consists of cells picking up
new DNA
What is the process of CH4----->CO2
Methanotrophy
How to halotolerant microbes compare to halophiles?
Halotolerant microbes can deal with higher salt concentrations but do not survive in extreme ones
How are endospores formed?
Sporulation (usually starvation)
What is the only growth control that can sterilize food?
Ionizing radiation
What does competent mean in regard to transformation?
A physiological state where cells can take up naked DNA from there environment