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Cate5
100
What does Penicillin, Vancomycin, and Bacitracin antibacterial drugs inhibit?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
100
Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, glycylclines, macrolides, and chloramphenical are all drugs that inhibit?
Protein synthesis
100
Fluoroquinolones, peifamycins, metronidazole are all drugs that inhibits? 
Nucleic acid 
100
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are drugs that interfere with?
Metabolic pathways
100
Daptomycin and polymyxin B are drugs that interfere with? 
Cell membrane
200
How does Penicillin inhibit cell wall synthesis?
They interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis and weaken cell walls leading to cell lysis. 
200
How does aminoglycosides inhibit protein synthesis?
Irreverisibly bind to 30S ribsomal subunit causing distortion and malfunction. Also blocks initation of translation.
200
How does fluoroquinolones inhibit nucleic acid?
Inhibit to poisomerases and DNA grase breaks
200

How does sulfonamides interfere with metabolic pathways?

Inhibit many Gram positive and negatives
200

How does daptomycin interfere with cell membrane?

Inserts into cytoplasmic membranes, used against gram(+) but ineffective against gram (-)
300
How does Vancomycin inhibit cell wall synthesis?
Blocking peptidoglycan synthesis
300
How does tetracyclines and glycyclines inhibit protein synthesis?
They are bacteriastatic and reversibly bind to 30S subunit. 
300

How does Peifamycins inhibit nucleic acid?

Blocks prokaryotic RNA polymerase
300

How does trimethoprin interfere with metabolic pathways?

Inhibits enzymes in later step (used to treat UTIs)
300

How does polymyxin B interfere with cell membrane?

Binds to membranes of Gram (-)
400
How does Bacitracin inhibit cell wall synthesis?
Interferes with transports of peptidoglycan precusors across membrane. (first-aid ointments)
400
How does macrolides inhibit protein synthesis?
Reversibly binds to 50S subunit preventing continuation of translation and bacteriostatic against many gram+ bacteria
400

How does metronidazole inhibit nucleic acid?

Binds to DNA, interferes with synthesis, and causes break.
400
What is zone of inhibition?
Prepared charts to determine whether strain is susceptible, intermediate, or resistant.
400
What is the E-test?
Modification of disc diffusion test, uses strip w/ gradient of drug.
500
What is minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
The lowest concentration that prevents growth into vitro
500
How does chloramphenicol inhibit protein synthesis?
Bacteriostatic & binds to 50S ribosomal subunit blocking translation
500
What is minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC)? 
The lowest concentration that kills 99.9% of cells in vitro, determined from plate count from MIC.
500
What is susceptibility testing?
One automated system determines growth rate via turbidity.
500
What are the mechanisms of acquired resistance?


A) Drug-inactivating enzymes

B) Alteration in target molecule

C) Decreased uptake of the drug

D) Increased elimination of drug

E) All above

E) All above
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