Microscopy
Helps distinguish cell arrangement and morphology through heat fixation and crystal violet staining
Simple staining
A medium that shows the hemolytic activity of a bacterium
Blood agar
Use this tool to inoculate deep agar tubes
Needle
The technique used to measure bacterial optical density
Spectrophotometry
Hans Christian Gram
Stains the background and helps visualize encapsulated bacteria
Negative staining
A medium that allows the isolation of gram-positive bacteria due to the content of peptones
Phenylethyl alcohol agar - selective medium
Use this to move culture from petri dish to liquid medium
Inoculating loop
Allows counting of viable bacterial cells
Dilution plating
Packages of four coccus shaped cells
tetrad
Dye used to stain endospores
Malachite green
Green metallic sheen on EMB plate
Bacteria that ferments lactose or sucrose
Use this tool to inoculate deep agar
Inoculation needle
The rate at which the number of bacteria increases
Growth rate
Bacterium that is gram-negative
Bacterium that is gram-positive
E. coli
S. aureus
Helps differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Gram-staining
Isolate gram-negative bacteria but inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria
Eosin methylene blue (EMB)
Add bacterial suspension on melted agar
Pour plate
Generation time
The dye used in Negative staining and the mordant
Nigrosan stain and heat
1- Stains gram-positive bacteria blue
2- Stains gram-negative bacteria pink
3- Acts as a mordant
1- Crystal violet
2- Safranin
3- Iodine
Bacterium that grows on an EMB plate, can tolerate temperature above 60 C, and does not require oxygen to grow
Gram-negative, thermophilic, and anaerobic bacterium
A technique used to separate different contaminated culture from one another
Isolation streak
The four phases of the bacterial growth curve
1- Lag phase
2- log phase (exponential phase)
3- stationary phase
4- Decline (death) phase
Difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
The composition of cell wall
Gram-negative: single peptidoglycan layer and outer lipopolysaccharide layer
Gram-positive: multiple peptidoglycan layers and no outer lipopolysaccharide layer