Chapter 17
This process provides protection against disease by stimulating the immune system to develop immunity. What is it called?
What is immunization?
This type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved, such as humans and some normal microbiota. What is it called?
What is mutualism?
This structure surrounds and protects the viral genome, and in naked viruses it is the outermost layer. What is it called?
What is the capsid?
This branch of microbiology studies fungi, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. What is it called?
What is mycology?
This type of immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to baby through breast milk. What type of immunity is this?
What is naturally acquired passive immunity?
A fever or rash is an example of this, because it can be observed by others, unlike pain or fatigue. What is it called?
What is a sign?
These viral structures attach to specific receptors on host cells and determine which cells a virus can infect. What are they called?
What are spikes/glycoproteins or tail fibers?
This term describes fungi that obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter, playing an important role in ecosystems. What are they called?
What are saprophytes (saprophytic fungi)?
These proteins are also called antibodies and are produced by B cells to recognize specific antigens. What are they called?
What are immunoglobulins?
This term describes the ability of a microorganism to cause disease. What is it called?
What is virulence?
This viral replication cycle ends with the destruction and bursting of the host cell to release new viruses. What is it called?
What is the lytic cycle?
These single-celled eukaryotic organisms are commonly found in aquatic environments and may exist as trophozoites or cysts during their life cycle. What are they called?
What are protozoa?
This term describes community-wide protection that occurs when enough people are vaccinated, reducing disease spread even to unvaccinated individuals. What is it called?
What is herd immunity?
This condition occurs when bacteria enter and circulate in the bloodstream. What is it called?
What is bacteremia?
This laboratory method measures viral quantity by counting clear zones formed where viruses destroyed host cells. What is this method called?
What is a plaque assay?
These organisms can be microscopic or macroscopic, are usually photosynthetic, and are mainly found in aquatic habitats. What are they called?
What are algae?
This common laboratory immunoassay uses enzymes and antibodies to detect antigens or antibodies in a sample. What is this test called?
What is an ELISA test?
These famous guidelines were developed to help identify the microorganism responsible for a disease. What are they called?
What are Koch’s postulates?
These infectious agents are made only of misfolded protein and are responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. What are they called?
What are prions?
These animals spread infectious diseases by carrying pathogens from one host to another. What are they called?
What are vectors (arthropods acting as vectors)?