Chapter 1
This old theory claimed that living organisms could appear from nonliving matter, while another theory argued that life only comes from existing life. What are these two theories?
What are Spontaneous Generation and Biogenesis?
One domain has peptidoglycan in its cell wall, another lacks peptidoglycan, and a third may or may not have a cell wall at all. What are the three domains? (please call them in order)
What are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?
This sticky outer layer helps bacteria attach to surfaces, avoid drying out, and sometimes escape the immune system. What structure is this?
What is the capsule or slime layer?
This type of reproduction occurs when one bacterial cell splits into two identical daughter cells, leading to exponential growth. What is it called?
What is binary fission?
This scientist placed meat in jars, some covered and some uncovered, to show that maggots came from flies instead of appearing on their own. Who was he?
Who is Francesco Redi?
These two domains do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, while one domain does. What are the domains?
What are Bacteria and Archaea (no nucleus) and Eukarya (has a nucleus)?
This structure allows many prokaryotic cells to move and is powered like a tiny rotating motor. What is it called?
What is a flagellum?
This community of microorganisms sticks to surfaces and is surrounded by a protective matrix, making it harder to remove with antibiotics or cleaning. What is it called?
What is a biofilm?
This scientist observed tiny “animalcules” in pond water using a microscope, helping scientists understand that microorganisms exist. Who was he?
Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek?
This type of diagram shows the evolutionary relationships between organisms and how they are related through common ancestors. What is it called?
What is a phylogenetic tree?
These bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane, making them usually more sensitive to certain antibiotics. What type are they?
What are Gram-positive bacteria?
During this phase of the bacterial growth curve, cells divide rapidly and are most sensitive to antibiotics. What phase is this?
What is the log (exponential) phase?
This theory states that microorganisms are responsible for causing many diseases. What is this theory called?
What is the Germ Theory of Disease?
This laboratory technology identifies microorganisms by analyzing the protein patterns of a sample using mass spectrometry. What is this method called?
What is MALDI-TOF?
These are the three main concepts of microscopy that determine how large, clear, and visible an object appears. What are they?
What are magnification, resolution, and contrast?
These microorganisms grow best in extremely hot environments such as hydrothermal vents. What are they called?
What are hyperthermophiles?
Microbes can help make food, clean pollution through bioremediation, and fix nitrogen in the environment. Are these activities harmful or beneficial?
What are beneficial microbial activities?
These techniques amplify or detect nucleic acids and are commonly used to identify microorganisms genetically. Name one example.
What are PCR, NAATs, nucleic acid probes, or FISH?
This process kills bacteria and sticks them to the slide before staining. What is this technique called?
What is heat fixation?
These bacteria require oxygen to grow and are usually found at the very top of a tube of thioglycolate medium. What are they called?
What are obligate aerobes?