What is a type of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside the cell of its host; endosymbiosis also refers to the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts (and possibly other organelles) as endosymbiotic bacteria.
100
Cyanobacteria
What is the lineage of bacteria that carries out oxygenic photosynthesis and which gave rise to chloroplasts?
100
Guild
What is the name of a group of microbes that carry out similar ecological function?
100
mycorrhiza
What is the name give to the symbiosis between a fungus and plant roots?
100
antigenic determinant
What is the site of antigen recognition by an antibody?
200
Cladistic method
What is the phylogenetic approach that maps characters/events onto an evolutionary tree?
200
low GC gram positive bacteria
What is the lineage of that includes Bacillus and other endospore-forming bacteria?
200
methanogenesis
What is the interdependent (syntrophic) process carried out by a highly specialized group of Archaea which are obligate anaerobes?
200
nodulation
What is the process leading to nitrogen fixation in legume roots by Rhizobium bacteria?
200
IgM
What is the first class of antibody produced during an immune response?
300
molecular chronometer
What is a kind of gene (e.g., 16S RNA) that evolves in a clock-like fashion, used for estimating time-since-divergence?
300
Treponema pallidum
What is the member of the spirochete phylum that causes syphilis?
300
denitrification
What is the name of the anaerobic process by which Pseudomonas species convert nitrates back to free nitrogen?
300
cophylogeny
What is the process of simultaneous speciation in two symbiotic lineages?
300
attenuated strain
What is the name of a bacterial strain that has lost one or more virulence factors to become nonpathogenic?
400
DNA/DNA hybridization
What is a method for assessing genetic relatedness among closely related species of bacteria?
400
Deniococci
What is an early-diverging lineage of radiation resistant bacteria with atypical cell membranes that contain ornithine instead of diaminopimelic acid?
400
winogradsky column
What is the name of the microbial enrichment method used to simulate an aquatic environment by packing mud in a glass tube?
400
nutrition, protection and recognition
What are three factors contributing to establishment of a microbial symbiosis?
400
macrophage
What is the type of differentiated monocyte that functions as a phagocytic cell during both innate and aquired immunity?
500
Cryptomycota
What is a newly discovered lineage of Fungi that lack a cell wall?
500
the uncultured majority
What is the name given to majority (>99%) of microbes that cannot be cultured?
500
Thiobacillus
What is the primary bacterium involved in iron and sulfur oxidation associated with mine runoff?
500
Ti plasmid
What is the plasmid that carries genes for tumor induction by Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
500
clonal anergy
What is the process by which developing immune cells learn to tolerate self-antigens?