The desired goal of vaccination programs, in which disease outbreaks are rare because most of the population is immunized.
What is herd immunity?
100
Inflammatory mediator released by mast cells when IgE antibodies on their surfaces contact an allergen. Benadryl blocks its action.
What is histamine?
100
Viruses whose host range is bacteria.
What is bacteriophage?
100
Normal flora of the gut, this organism is the usual suspect in 75% of urinary tract infections.
What is E.coli?
100
Diseases caused by the herpes virus varicella zoster. (Answer with both diseases).
What are Chicken Pox and Shingles?
200
The A-B-O blood typing system classifies red blood cells on the basis of these.
What are surface antigens?
200
The injection of small quantities of allergen in hope of producing an IgG response. The IgG binds up allergen before it can interact with mast cells and basophils.
What is desensitization?
200
The release of animal virus where part of the host cell's membrane is used to make the viral envelope.
What is budding?
200
Often normal flora of the skin, this gram positive organism cause boils, sties, furuncles, and impetigo. It is a serious concern because of the action of its toxins and growing antibiotic resistance.
What is Staph. aureus?
200
Lower respiratory tract disease caused by Mycobacterium that becomes latent when Gohn complexes are formed. The primary use of the acid-fast stain is screening for this disease.
What is tuberculosis?
300
A general term for the use of known or labeled antigens or antibodies to answer a medical or scientific question.
What is an immunoassay?
300
A state of hypersensitivity where antibodies are produced to "self" antigens.
What is autoimmunity?
300
A virus that infects and incorporates as a provirus eventually destroying the population of Helper T cells.
What is HIV?
300
This clever gram negative organism lives in practically every water source and causes swimmer's ear, burn infections, and pneumonia in Cystic Fibrosis patients.
What is Pseudomonas?
300
Infection of the mouth due to overgrowth of Candida albicans. Common in babies and immunocompromised people.
What is thrush?
400
A vaccine that pairs a weaker antigen with a strong one to magnify the immune response.
What is a conjugated vaccine?
400
Severe whole-body reaction to an allergen such as bee venom, characterized by massive inflammation and can be life threatening.
What is systemic anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock?
400
Mis-folded, infective proteins that cause neurological disorders such as Scrapie in sheep, Mad Cow disease, and Crutezfeld-Jacob disease in humans.
What are prions?
400
The "aegyptidis" species of this small gram negative rod causes almost half the cases of bacterial conjunctivitis. Another species of the same genus causes meningitis and pneumonia.
What is Haemophilus ?
400
Brucella spp. is an intracellular pathogen that can persist for long periods outside of its host. It causes miscarriages in cows and sheep and this this human disease.
What is undulant fever?
500
An immunoassay that uses a tagged antibody to identify proteins of interest. Commonly used to confirm a positive HIV test.
What is a Western Blot
500
An over-reaction of the cell mediated response. Poison ivy is an example.
What is delayed hypersensitivity?
500
Viral enzyme that enables RNA viruses to create a complimentary DNA copy. A target of anti-HIV drugs.
What is reverse transcriptase?
500
This genus of gram negative coccus has one species that is the cause of gonorrhea, and another which is the cause of deadly bacterial meningitis.
What is Neisseria?
500
Chlamydia is the main cause of non-gonococcal urethritis and can also cause eye infections and blindness. If untreated, it can cause damage to the female reproductive tract which is painful and may lead to sterility.