More History of Microbiology
Ancient Greeks and Romans were aware of the communicability of diseases, as evidenced by their practice of this.
What is quarantining?
Eukaryotic cells store their DNA in a membrane-bound nucleus, but prokaryotic cells store their DNA in this area.
What is the nucleoid?
This term refers to a group of organisms of the same species living together in a particular location.
What is a population?
Nucleotides, the monomers of DNA and RNA, contain these three parts.
What are a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
This functional group consists of a nitrogen atom and two or three hydrogen atoms.
What is an amine?
Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" and suggested that all living organisms are made of cells by observing this material under the microscope.
What is cork?
All cells contain these essential structures needed for synthesizing proteins; however, the eukaryotic version is larger in size than the bacterial version.
What are ribosomes?
These are microorganisms that temporarily live in or on the human body, which can include pathogens or non-pathogens.
What are transient microbiota?
In DNA, adenine nucleotides always pair with thymine, but in RNA adenine pairs with this nucleotide.
What is uracil?
This functional group is a carbon atom bound to 3 hydrogen atoms and is hydrophobic in character.
What is a methyl group?
This scientist contributed to disproving spontaneous generation by showing that these organisms did not arise from dead meat.
What are maggots, or flies?
Prokaryotes do not possess these essential structures of eukaryotic cells where ATP is produced. They are known as the power plants of the cell.
What are mitochondria?
This is a symbiotic relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other is harmed.
What is parasitism?
This term describes the orientation of the two strands in a DNA molecule, running 5' to 3' in opposite directions.
What is antiparallel?
This functional group consists of a carbon bound to two oxygen atoms, one of them double-bonded.
What is a carboxylic acid? (ester also accepted.)
This doctor and scientist used very successfully used carbolic acid (a.k.a. phenol) as an antiseptic and disinfectant during surgeries. He is the namesake for a popular brand of mouthwash, which contains phenolic compounds.
Who is Joseph Lister?
Prokaryotes often contain these small "shareable" pieces of DNA, which are nearly absent in all eukaryotes.
What are plasmids?
Bacterial species of the genus Rhizobium live around the roots of certain plants and produce nutrients for them by and "fixing" this element.
What is nitrogen?
Deoxyribose differs from ribose only by the absence of this functional group.
What is a hydroxyl group (OH)?
Two of these sulfur-containing functional groups can join together to create a strong disulfide bond.
What is a sulfhydryl group, or a thiol?
This scientist and his team used a mouse model and 4 postulates to identify the pathogens responsible for several bacterial diseases.
Who is Robert Koch?
Motile prokaryotes utilize a flagella that moves in a rotating motion. In contrast, the eukaryotic flagellum moves with this type of motion.
What is "whip-like"?
Gram-positive bacteria are classified into these two taxonomic groups based on the prevalence of particular nucleotides in their genomes.
What are high G+C and low G+C groups?
Unlike proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, nucleic acids always contain plenty of this element.
What is phosphorus?
This functional group, which is repeated in the backbone of proteins, contains a nitrogen atom bound to a carbonyl group.
What is an amide?