Ch. 1 Microbes
The limit of the resolution of the eye is ___millimeters or ___micrometers?
0.2 millimeters or 200 micrometers
When using a compound light microscope, two parts magnify the specimen. What is the formula to find how much magnification you are using?
Objective x Ocular
What are the two subunits of bacterial ribosomes and what do they form when they come together?
Large 50S and small 30S, together form the 70S ribosome
What eukaryotic structure sorts, modifies, packages, and secretes the proteins/lipids they receive?
Golgi apparatus
What bacteria is gram-positive arranged in clusters? Purple or pink stained? Thin or thick cell wall?
Staphylococcus; purple; thick
Who is known for his famous swan-neck flask experiment that supports the theory of biogenesis which means life from life?
Louis Pasteur
What are the 5 I’s?
Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification
During chemotaxis, in which direction is the bacteria rotating when running? What about tumbling?
Rotating counterclockwise is a run, to move straight, while rotating clockwise is a tumble, to change directions.
The mitochondria perform cellular respiration to synthesize ATP. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. What kind of ribosomes do mitochondria have?
70S ribosomes
What helps bacteria form biofilms?
Slime layer
What would be the correct usage of binomial nomenclature for the bacteria Escherichia coli (when abbreviated)? Written & typed?
E. coli - typed (italicized)
E. coli - written (underlined)
What temperatures are incubators kept at (degrees Celsius)?
37.0 degrees Celsius
How do capsules increase bacterial survival by assisting bacteria in evading phagocytosis?
Capsules prevent adherence to phagocytes by blocking the interaction of C3b and its receptors on phagocytic white blood cells
Yeast reproduce by _____ (asymmetrical mitosis).
Budding
Bacteria cell wall is described as porous and permeable but rigid and sturdy and is made of glycan chains and peptide crosslinks which make up what?
Peptidoglycan
Viruses are acellular particles that have genes, are infectious, have no metabolism and no ribosomes, and are dependent upon what for reproduction?
Living Host
Which of the 5 I’s describes placing a specimen in an artificial growth environment such as a culture medium?
Inoculation
What structure in a gram-negative cell prevents the entry of antibiotics like penicillin?
Porins
Hyphae is microscopic filamentous growth that molds use to spread. What is the visible colony surface growth for mold?
Mycelium
A protozoan cyst, similar to endospores, allows the cell to become ____ when conditions are unfavorable?
dormant
Carl Woese is known for his taxonomic system which was used to create a ‘tree of life’ based upon genetic phylogeny. What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Electron microscopy achieves the highest magnifications and resolutions. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) produces a cross-sectional image of the specimen. What type of scan does the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) produce?
Surface scan
Mycobacterium have a waxy cell wall because it is mainly made up of mycolic acids. How would this bacteria be stained?
Acid-fast stain
Harmful algal blooms are associated with can cause human ____?
Intoxication
Helminths, bacteria, fungi, protists, and viruses all have ____.
Genes