Ch. 12
Basophils that leave the blood stream and become localized to tissues release histamine to trigger inflammation are called what?
Mast cells
B cells that are activated can become plasma cells which produce ____ that recognize and tag nonself antigens.
Antibodies
Transferrin, hemoglobin, and ferritin limit the availability of _____ in the host so pathogens cannot use it to enhance their growth.
iron
When someone is having Type I Hypersensitivity and having an allergic reaction what specific antibodies will take effect?
IgE
What type of testing observes the physical aspect, for example, a gram stain or macroscopic culture.
Phenotypic
What is the immediate reaction of a blood vessel in response to an injury?
Vasoconstriction (limits blood loss)
What are the two professional antigen presenting cells (pAPCs) that use MHC I or MHC II to activate naïve T cells?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
If an infant under 1 consumes raw honey and develops infant botulism, which natural barrier is deficient?
Biological
During a blood transfusion (ex. of Type II Hypersensitivity) if the recipient is incompatible with the donor, _____ or clumping of blood cells activates complement and causes cell lysis.
Agglutination
In immunofluorescence a pathogen that’s covered with antigens is present. This leads to the pathogen being “tagged” through antigen-_____ binding.
Antibody
Cystic fibrosis patients are unable to expel microbes easily because of the thick mucus they produce, making them susceptible to infections. Which natural barrier is deficient?
Mechanical
What type of antigens are presented on MHC I to CD8/cytotoxic T cells?
Endogenous
In T-dependent activation the helper T cell produces _____ that signals to the B cell and helps activate it.
Cytokines
Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Graves’ disease are all examples of what type of disease?
Autoimmune
Immunoassay or “quick test,” ELISA, agglutination, and immunofluorescence are all examples of what type of testing?
Immunologic
What immune cell non-specifically destroys virus-infected cells?
Natural killer cell
This antibody is produced during memory response (anamnestic) and can also cross the placenta.
IgG
Interferons, produced by an infected cell, are responsible for signaling an _____ response in nearby host cells.
Antiviral
Someone that acquires AIDS has a _____ immune deficiency and someone that has severe-combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or “bubble boy” disease has _____ immune deficiency.
Secondary; primary
A genotypic test that uses gel electrophoresis to run a genetic analysis is called what?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
When the protein C9 inserts into the phospholipid bilayer it destabilizes microbial membranes and causes lysis. What is this structure called?
Membrane-attack complex (MAC)
This antibody is produced first during primary immune response and when in the form of a pentamer is used for complement initiation.
IgM
The cytotoxic T cell secretes what two molecules that triggers apoptosis of the target (infected) cell.
Perforins (holes) & granzymes (enters the holes)
If an organ transplant recipient experiences rejection of that organ this is known as what type of hypersensitivity?
Type IV Hypersensitivity
What type of immunologic test would be used to detect HIV antibodies in a patient’s blood sample?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA)