Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes lack this structure found in eukaryotes
What is the nucleus?
The protein shell that surrounds a virus’s genetic material.
What is the capsid?
All living organisms need a source of these two requirements for life
What are energy and carbon?
These are microorganisms (or agents) that cause disease.
What are pathogens?
This immune systems reacts quickly, but non-specificially.
What is the innate immune system?
These are the two domains that include all prokaryotic organisms
What are bacteria and archaea?
A virus that infects bacteria.
What is a bacteriophage?
Bacteria that use sunlight as a source of energy
What are phototrophs?
These microorganisms have not been found to cause any diseases in humans
What are archaea?
A substance that trains the immune system to recognize and fight a pathogen without causing the disease.
What is a vaccine?
The process by which bacteria reproduce asexually
What is binary fission?
The five stages of the lytic cycle are attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and this final step.
What is release (lysis)?
An organism that can live with or without oxygen
What is a facultative anaerobe?
Gastrointestinal pathogens are usually spread through this method of transmission.
What is the fecal-oral route?
These immune cells “remember” a pathogen after the first exposure, enabling a faster and stronger response upon future infections.
What are memory cells?
The region within a prokaryotic cell where its DNA can be found
What is the nucleoid (region)?
This adjective can be used to describe a virus that integrates its DNA into the host genome and can remain inactive for years.
What is lysogenic?
An organism that gets energy from electrons in chemicals and carbon from organic material
What is a chemoheterotroph?
This is the term for bacteria that normally live in or on the body without causing harm but can cause disease under certain conditions.
What is an opportunistic pathogen?
The body’s first line of defense against pathogens, including skin and mucus.
What are physical and chemical barriers?
This process, which involves the exchanging of plasmids, allows for the spread of antibiotic resistance
What is conjugation?
This virus has two famous surface proteins, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).
What is influenza?
During fermentation, glucose is converted to one of these two chemical compounds.
What are ethanol and lactic acid?
This diseases is the result of a bacterial pathogen and leads to scarring of the lungs.
What is tuberculosis?
This is a subtype of cell that "swallows" or engulfs pathogens and digests them.
What is a phagocyte?