The Birth of Microbiology
This scientist used a swan-neck flask experiment to show that the spoiling of organic material is due to contamination from microbes in the air.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Prokaryotes are named for their lack of this cellular compartment.
What is a nucleus?
Viruses are considered non-living by most scientists because of their lack of this feature. (More than one answer is possible)
What are cells, ribosomes, cytoplasm, the ability to grow and metabolize, or the ability to replicate on their own?
This type of biomolecule serves many roles in cells and makes up the structure of nearly all enzymes.
What are proteins?
This monosaccharide is the preferred source of carbon for most organisms and is broken down during glycolysis.
What is glucose?
This scientist developed a set of postulates to identify the specific pathogen causing a disease.
Who is Robert Koch?
These two domains of life are considered prokaryotes.
What are archaea and bacteria?
This type of virus infects bacteria.
What is bacteriophage (or simply, phage)?
These three 6-carbon monosaccharides are structural isomers of each other and exist in linear and ringed structures.
What are glucose, galactose, and fructose?
Most fungi, protozoa, and bacteria are classified as these because they obtain energy via chemical means and carbon via consumption of organic molecules.
What are chemoheterotrophs?
Joseph Lister is known for being the first to use this chemical as an antiseptic during surgery.
What is phenol (or carbolic acid)?
This classification of bacteria is characterized by a cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide.
What are Gram-negative bacteria?
This structure made of repeating protein units is the part of a virus that holds its genome.
What is the capsid?
This component of cell walls in bacteria consists of alternative units of N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) cross-linked by pentapeptides.
What is peptidoglycan?
Most types of bacteria can perform at least one type of these metabolic pathways, which typically produce alcohol, acid, or gaseous byproducts.
What are fermentation pathways?
This theory was disproved by Francesco Redi's experiment involving the appearance of maggots on raw meat exposed to air.
What is the theory of spontaneous generation?
This term refers to archaea and some bacteria that live in environments with very high temperatures, pressures, or salt concentrations.
What is an extremophile?
A virus that becomes latent by inserting its genome into the host's genome is following this viral life cycle.
What is the lysogenic cycle?
The fluidity of cell membranes in fungi is maintained by this molecule. In higher eukaryotes, cholesterol plays this role.
What is ergosterol?
Some microbes perform this type of cellular respiration if their cytochrome oxidase transfers electrons to an alternative inorganic final electron acceptor other than oxygen.
What is anaerobic cellular respiration?
This "father of scientific history" noticed that plague survivors could not be re-infected.
Who is Thucydides?
Roughly one of this metric measurement unit describes a typical size of a prokaryotic cell.
What is a micrometer?
This type of virus has an RNA genome that must first be reverse transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) in order for the viral genome to be expressed. HIV is a common example.
What is a retrovirus?
This fatty acid is only found in the membranes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What is mycolic acid?
This metabolic pathway is the most common form of glycolysis in microbes.
What is the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (or EMP) pathway?