Natural Resistance
Natural resistance is a _________ defense against infection.
What is 'nonspecific'?
What are the three anatomical barriers?
What is '1. Intact, 2. Mucous membranes, 3. Skeleton, meninges, and the blood-brain barrier'?
The three Phagocytic Cells are...
What is '1. Microphages, 2. Macrophages, 3. Natural Killer (NK) Cells'?
Leukotrienes cause...
What is 'Vasodilation'?
What are the 4 steps of the inflammatory response?
What is '1. Initiation, 2. Tissue Response, 3. Leukocyte Response (phagocytic migration), 4. Resolution (tissue repair)'?
What is Natural resistance based on?
What is 'the physiological and/or physical characteristics of the individual'?
The four Physiological Barriers are...
What is '1. Gastric juices, 2. Intestinal juices, 3. Acid pH of vaginal secretions, 4. Nonspecific Antibacterial Substances'?
What is the difference between Microphages and Macrophages?
What is 'a microphage is smaller & occupies circulating blood; a macrophage is larger phagocytic cells of the lymphatic & circulatory system derived from monocytes'?
_________ are released by mast cells (connective tissue cells) and basophils.
What initiates the inflammatory response?
What is 'damaged or injured tissues and cells'?
Natural Resistance comprises _ of the body's _ lines of defense against infection. What is the line of defense that is not included in Natural resistance?
What is '2 of the body's 3; Immune System'?
Where are Lysozymes found and what do they affect? Where does sweat come from and what does it effect?
What is 'Lysozymes are found in tears/nasal secretions & affects primarily G+ bacteria. Sweat comes from sebaceous/sudoriferous glands & affects G- bacteria'?
What are the two main forms of Macrophages?
What is 'Fixed Macrophages & Wandering Macrophages'?
_________ substances attract phagocytic cells (PMN's & Macrophages).
What is 'Chemotatic substances'?
During _______ _________ chemical factors are released.
What is 'Tissue Response'?
What are the two mechanisms of Natural resistance?
What is 'Anatomical Barriers/Physiological Barriers & Phagocytic Cells (phagocytosis)'?
What do Transferrins do and how? What are non-specific antiviral agents released by infected cells to warn others?
What is 'Transferrins slow growth by tieing up iron as a cofactor for enzymes keeping it from microbes; Interferons are non-specific antiviral agents'?
Natural Killer Cells are not __________. They attach to _____ cells and release ______ substances.
What is 'phagocytic; tumor; toxic'?
What is 'nonspecific; redness, swelling, pain, & tenderness'?
During Tissue Repair, clotting agents and ________ wall off the area which creates a _____.
What is 'fibroblasts; abscess?
______ are a chemical mediator of inflammation that cause vasodilation, increase ____________, and play a role in the attraction of ___________.
What is 'Kinins; permeability; phagocytes'?
What are Complements?
What is 'a protein complex of 20+ components in blood serum that work with antibodies to kill bacteria'?
What do Pyrogens (chemical mediators of inflammation) induce and how?
What is 'induced fever by engulfing G- bacteria, lysing the outer membrane, releasing interleukin which travels through the blood to the hypothalamus which raises body temp'?
____________ are fatty-like hormones that increase vascular permeability and vasodilation. _________ is a fatty-like hormone that induces pain.
What is 'Prostaglandins; Bradykinin'?
During __________ _______, phagocytes appear at the site. __________ occurs when phagocytes stick to the inner lining of blood vessels and blood flow decreases. Then ________ occurs when phagocytes pass between spaces in the cells.
What is 'Leukocyte Response; Margination; Diapedesis'?