Foundation Vocabulary
What is a Disease? What is the difference between an infectious disease and a noninfectious disease?
What is 'a disease is the absence of health; an infectious disease is caused by a microorganism and a noninfectious disease is not'?
A Portal of Entry is...
What is 'a means or route by which a microbe enters the host'?
What is the difference between a Local Infection and a Generalized Infection?
What is 'A local infection is localized in a specific area and a generalized infection spreads throughout the body or in a generalized area'?
Invasiveness is...
What is 'the ability to become established in a host & cause disease/an attribute of virulence'?
Toxigenicity is...
What is 'the ability to produce toxic, poisonous substances/an attribute of virulence'?
Pathogenicity is the capacity or ability to cause ________. A "true" pathogen causes ______ in an initially ______ individual.
What is 'disease; disease; healthy'?
What are the 3 types of portals of entry?
What is the 'Mucous membrane portal, Skin portal, & Parenteral portal'?
What is the difference between Bacteremia and Septicemia?
What is 'Bacteremia is bacteria circulating in the blood & not multiplying while Septicemia is bacteria circulating in the blood, multiplying & causing injury'?
What are the 3 Invasive Mechanisms?
What is 'A. Resistance to inhibition of phagocytosis, B. Invasive Enzymes, C. Adherence Factors (adhesions, ligands)'?
What are the 3 types of toxins?
What is 'Bacterial Toxins, Mycotoxins, & Saxitoxins'?
What is Virulence and how does it connect to Morbidity & Mortality rates?
What is 'Virulence is the degree of pathogenicity, it is measured via morbidity/mortality. (how many people get it vs how many people die from it)'?
Which portal of entry bypasses barriers? (Ex. stepping on a nail or being bitten)
What is 'Parenteral portal of entry'?
What is a Focal Infection?
What is 'a local infection from which bacteria continuously or intermittently enter the bloodstream'?
__________, ___________, & __________ are the 3 Adherence Factors.
What is 'Capsules, Pili or Fimbriae, & Flagella'?
Aflatoxins and Ergot toxins are both types of __________. Aflatoxins are when ______ is produced on grains and Ergot toxin causes ergotism which is characterized by ___________.
What is 'Mycotoxins; fungi; hallucinations'?
How are Infection and Infestation different?
What is 'An infection is when a microbe becomes established in a host and infestation is when a macroscopic parasite becomes established in or on the body of a host'?
Which portal of entry is usually very impenetrable to most microorganisms?
What is 'Skin portal of entry'?
What is the difference between an Epidemic and an Endemic?
What are the 3 things that assist with resistance to/inhibition of Phagocytosis?
What is '1. Leukocidin, 2. Capsule production, 3. Cell wall components'?
Endotoxins and Exotoxins are both types of ______________. What makes them different?
What is 'Bacterial Toxins; Endotoxins are poisons of low potency that stay inside the cell until it lyses, Exotoxins are highly poisonous toxins that are released from the cell with a specific mechanism of action'?
__________ is a relationship where the organism benefits & the host is harmed. An ____________ is a normal habitat of the host that causes disease when the host is in a weakened state.
What is 'Parasitism; Opportunist'?
Which portal of entry can microbes gain access to during inspiration, upon ingestion, by touching the eyes, or by touching the genitourinary tract?
What is 'Mucous membrane portal of entry'?
Under what conditions does Infectious Disease occur in an initially healthy individual?
What is ' 1.The person is overwhelmed by # of invading pathogens 2.The person encounters a highly virulent pathogen 3.The person is in a weakened state'?
What is 'Invasive enzymes are coded for by genes on the bacterial chromosome or on plasmids; 1. effect connective tissue 2. effect blood 3. effect viscosity'?
Saxitoxins are toxins of ______. What are the three types of Saxitoxins?
What is 'Algae; Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Ciguatera, Pfisteria'?