Cell Functions
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in eukaryotes? In prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes: Mitochondria (Powerhouse of the cell)
Prokaryotes: cytoplasmic membrane
A strain whose properties are similar to the organism first isolated from nature
Wild-type Organism
Which staining method reveals size, morphology and arrangement of cells?
Simple stains (a single dye)
Extrachromosomal DNA
Plasmid
Which has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties?
Amphipathic
Where is DNA synthesis occur?
Ribosomes
Silent mutations
What phase of the Growth Curve has the maximum growth?
Log (exponential)
Virus that attacks bacteria
Bacteriophage
Slime layer/capsule that offers protection/attachment in Prokaryotic cells
Glycocalyx
Protein appendages in Prokaryotes: ________ is used for motility, while __________ is used for movement and attachment.
Protein appendages in Eukaryotes: ___________ is used to move cell or propel surroundings, while ____________ function in motility.
Flagella / Pili (Fimbriae are pili used for attachment)
Cilia / Flagella
Where is sequencing done?
(Classification schemes of Prokaryotes)
rRNA genes (sequences) because they cannot be mutated easily and have little genetic variation
Which testing method identifies organisms that CANNOT grow in culture?
DNA testing
Which horizontal gene transfer involves a pilus bridge?
Conjugation
What formation allows for changes in cellular activity in Prokaryotes?
Biofilms
What type of cell is resistant to damaging conditions and is produced through sporulation?
Endospores
Transposons
What type of polymerase is used in PCR (polymerase chain reaction)? Why?
Because it is heat tolerable DNA. It does not get destroyed in the process of replication.
Where is the site of photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
This type of cell has a THICK layer of PTG and has a negative charge
Gram-positive cell wall
Which form of transport moves compounds in the direction of the concentration gradient - and no energy is required?
Substrate phosporylation
Which staining method uses heat to facilitate staining?
Acid-fast stain
What tool is used to locate nucleotide sequences in DNA or RNA?
DNA Probes
What is the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterial cells made out of?
Lipopolysaccharides
Also called the LPS layer