Gram + Cocci
These strains of Gram + cocci are the most virulent of the group of Staphylococci.
What is Staph aureus
Virulent strains of this Gram + coccus bacterium causes skin and systemic infections. It has many virulence factors, including leukocidin, coagulase and exfoliative toxins.
Staph aureus
What is the primary habitat of Gram positive Bacilli ?
the soil
The major endotoxin released by Gram negative bacteria. It can lead to fever, tissue damage and shock.
LPS
Treponema pallidum is a spirochete that causes ______ .
Syphilis
Its a method that would help you differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis.
The Coagulase test.
Gram negative cocci that causes an STD. It can cause infection in the urethra, pharyngitis, and can disseminate into blood leading to systemic infections. It has fimbriae and a protease that breaks down IgA.
Neisseria gonorrhea
In addition to Bacilli what other genus of bacteria make spores?
Clostridium
In E. coli 0157:H7 what do the letter O and H mean?
O = LPS
H = Flagella antigens
Borrelia burgdorferi is a Gram - spirochete carried by ticks that is the cause of:
Lyme disease
One simple method to distinguish between Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
The Catalase test of course. Adding H2O2 and look for bubbles.
Gram negative encapsulated diplococcus that can cause bacterial meningitis. Humans are the only host of this species and can reside in the upper respiratory system.
Neisseria meningitidis
___________ most frequent clostridia involved in soft tissue and wound infections.
Clostridium perfringes
What ailment is the bacteria Salmonella typhi commonly associated to?
Typhoid fever
Vibrio cholera toxin that causes a major secretion of electrolytes and massive loss of water in affected patients.
Cholera toxin
This Gram + coccus species of bacteria can cause strep throat, Scarlet fever, impetigo, and necrotizing fasciitis.
Strep pyogenes
Streptococci normally found in the mouth. It causes dental cavities and after a dental procedure can lead to endocarditis.
Streptococcus mutans
This species of Bacilli are spore formers, normally found in soil, contaminates foods, survives heating. It can cause food poisoning (gastrointestinal issues), including diarrhea. There is no treatment and illness goes away on its own. Mostly affects immunocompromised patients.
B. cereus
An opportunistic Gram negative species found in water and soil. It is highly resistant to disinfectants, soaps and antibiotics. It can cause hot tube infections and is a common source of infections to burned patients.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
How does the Mycobacterium tuberculosis major virulence factor works? what does it inhibit or prevent?
prevents phagocytosis
Major cause of pneumonia. Its alpha hemolytic and its major virulence factor is a capsule.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Method to determine between different streptococcal species.
Alpha or Beta hemolysis. Strep pyogenes is Beta hemolytic.
Highly opportunistic Gram + bacteria that is a normal part of human's gut microbiota. It can spread and cause severe diarrhea after a patient receives broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Clostridium difficile
In enteric bacteria how would you distinguish between coliforms and non-coliforms?
Coliforms ferment lactose. Non-coliforms do not.
infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, primarily manifesting in bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic infections. Before antibiotics were available, it was a major cause of pandemics that killed millions of people since antiquity. It is transmitted by fleas in rats.
The plague