Bacterial Types
Gram Staining
Viruses
Fungi
Invertebrates/
Protozoans
100
What is the type of bacteria that uses these alternative sources of nutrition: sulfur, hydrogen, carbon dioxide
Archeabacteria
100
What are the resulting colors of a (1) gram positive test and (2) a gram negative test?
(1) Purple/Violet (2) Pink/Red
100
What are the means of transfer for viruses?
What is person to person contact, body fluids, shared air
100
DAILY DOUBLE! Off Topic!!! Name the 4 different prefixes associated with bacterial shapes.
What are staphlo, strepto, diplo, and tetra
100
What are at least three characteristics of the Protozoan kingdom?
-Complex lifecycles using multiple hosts -Transmission through insect bites or or oral transmission (contaminated water, food with active spore cells) -Animal-like -Heterotrophic -Unicellular
200
What are the four phyla of bacteria we discussed?
Archaebacteria, Cyanobacteria, Eubacteria, Prochlorobacteria
200
What is the color of a positive gram stain bacteria? How would you describe the peptidoglycan membrane of a gram + test?
Gram positive = a variable capsule, thick peptidoglycan membrane, outer membrane/wall
200
What is the viral infection cycle that will most rapidly cause cell destruction is called the (blank) cycle.
What is Lytic cycle.
200
What types of methods are used to rid someone of a fungal infection?
What is the use of creams, sprays, and ointments that are used for the outer surfaces.
200
The kingdom protista includes all of the following kinda of organisms Except ( a, protozoa, b, algae, c, water molds, d, yeasts, e, slime molds)
What is d, yeasts
300
What are the main methods of transfer for bacterial pathogens?
What is contaminated water and undercooked meat
300
What is the proper sequence of stain flushing in the gram staining process?
1) Crystal Violet 2) Iodine 3) Safranin
300
What are viruses defined as?
What are ultramicroscopic, non-cellular genetic elements (nucleic acids – DNA/RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, which are of biological significance.
300
Name the 3 examples of fungal infections caused by organisms within the fungal kingdom.
What are thrush, ringworm, athelete's foot,
300
The head region of the tapeworm is called the...
What is the scolex, used for attachment
400
What is the phase in the bacterial growth phase that has rapid bacterial reproduction and growth, a doubling in population, and is represented by a straight ascending line
Logarithmic (log) phase
400
What is the first step in the gram staining process?
What is transferring some bacteria to a slide using a hook, fixing it on the slide passing it through a flame.
400
Describe the process of infection/replication for viruses.
What is (1)Transmission(Airborne/respiratory,blood-borne/body fluids) (2)Attachment –host and viral receptors unite Viral - protein coat, glycoproteins, envelope, spikes Host - pili, cilia, flagella, membrane proteins (3)Penetration of the cell membrane phagocytosis - active transport by host cell blending - envelope with cell membrane inject - bacteriophage tail & sheath uses enzymes to open a hole in the cell wall/membrane
400
How do fungi feed?
What is parasitism, specialized hyphae called "haustoria" pierce the cell membranes of host cells and feeddirectly from them
400
Name the 3 classes within the Phylum Platyhelminthes
What are the Turbellaria (flatworms), Trematoda (flukes), and Cestoda (tapeworms)
500
What would most likely happed to a successful pathogen after the death phase?
Some of the bacteria would be transmitted to a new host and start again with the lag and logarithmic phase.
500
After flooding the slide with 2-3 drops of Crystal Violet, what parts of the Gram + and Gram - will be violet?
What is the peptidoglycan layer and the outer layer.
500
What are 3 reasons why scientists believe viruses are living, and 3 reasons why scientists believe viruses are non-living?
Living: Influence/change the host they live in, mimic living infections, may replicate, contain organic molecules, have genetic information, adapt over time, can be killed/inactivated Non-Living: respond to environment, move, age or die under optimal conditions, have metabolism, grow or develop, eat, produce by-products/waste, produce and consume energy, made of cells
500
Name 3 of the 6 characteristics of the fungi kingdom.
What are eularyotic, multicellular, non-photosynthetic, heterotrophic absorptive, non-differentiated tissue, hyphae, cell walls composed of chitin, reproduce by spores, fragmentation or budding, may be sexually or asexually, non-motile
500
Internal medications kill the pathogen, the body removes the dead cells of these types of pathogens.
What are the protozoans and invertebrates.
M
e
n
u