"Saved more lives by the introduction of his system than all the wars of the 19th century together had sacrificed.."
He proceeded to apply carbonic acid (phenol) directly onto damaged tissues, where it prevented infections.
Joseph Lister
100
Removal or destruction of all microorganisms
sterilization
100
Will need extreme heat or chemicals to ensure their complete destruction
Bacterial Endospores
100
*Kills vegetative bacteria and fungi
*Coagulates essential proteins (e.g enzymes)
*Can damage rubber, some plastic, and others.
Alcohol
100
What factors must be considered when selecting appropriate germicidal chemicals.
Name 3
Toxicity
Activity
Compatibility
Residues
Cost and availability
Storage and Stability
Environmental Risk
200
Demonstrated that anthrax was caused by a spore forming bacterium
Robert Koch
200
Elimination of most or all pathogens
Disinfection
200
Resistant to disinfectants. Are easily destroyed only by boiling
Protozoan cysts and oocysts
200
*Inactivates proteins and nucleic acids.
*Includes orthophthaladehyde etc.
*Irritating to the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes.
Aldehyde
200
(100'C sea level) Destroys most microorganisms & viruses.
*Not a sterilizing method
*Endospores can still survive in this heat treatment
Boiling
300
Considered father of modern microbiology
Louis Pasteur
300
Reduce pathogens with heat, washing, or disinfectant to levels considered safe to handle
Decontamination
300
Resistant to disinfectants and can actually grow on them
Pseudomonas Species
300
*Destroys all microorganisms and viruses
*Used as disinfectant
*very low levels disinfect drinking water
Chlorine
300
Lister developed his ideas on prevention of infection during medical procedures after studying the work of
Pasteur
400
Was used to explain why others investigating spontaneous generation had obtained results that were opposite of those obtained by Pasteur
Tyndall and Cohn
400
Process of delaying spoilage of foods and other perishable products
Preservation
400
Lack lipid envelope like polio virus and are more resistant to disinfectants
Naked Viruses
400
*Part of the biguanides
*Used in antiseptic products
*Relatively low toxicity
Chlorhexidine
400
*One of the earliest disinfectants
*Not reliable on all virus groups
*Used in soaps and lotions
Phenolics
500
Boiled broths longer
Sealed flasks by melting the necks with heat
Spallanzani
500
Substantially reduces microbial population that meets accepted health standards
Sanitation
500
Waxy cell walls.
Resistant to many chemical treatment which is why stronger and more toxic chemicals should be used as disinfectant.
Mycobacterium Species
500
*Cationic (positively charged) detergents
*Nontoxic, used to disinfect food preparation surfaces
Quaternary of Ammonium of compounds (Quats)
500
Generally does not kill microbes. It only aids in the mechanical removal of organisms.