LED
The current would become too large and the LED would be destroyed unless this component is added in series.
What is a resistor?
This type of resistor keeps a microcontroller pin at logic HIGH when a button is not pressed.
What is a pull-up resistor?
This component converts an analog voltage from 0–5V into a digital value between 0 and 1023.
What is an A/D converter?
This electronic indicator is abbreviated as LCD.
What is a Liquid Crystal Display?
This number system has only two values.
What is the binary system?
This leg of an LED is usually longer, and inside the casing it is connected to the smaller electrode.
What is the anode?
In a pull-down button configuration, pressing the button drives the microcontroller input to this logic level.
What is a logical 1?
This Arduino function reads the voltage on an analog pin and returns a number from 0 to 1023.
What is analogRead()?
This prime numbered display is widely used for numbers, but stuggles to show letters.
What is a seven segment display?
This circuit continuously switches between two unstable states and is used for blinkers on a car.
What is an astable multivibrator?
This is the function used on Arduino to control
the brightness of an LED
signal with a value between 0 and 255.
What is analogWrite()?
When this phenomenon occurs, a mechanical switch briefly generates multiple rapid HIGH/LOW transitions before stabilizing.
What is switch bouncing?
This term refers to the 10-bit precision of the Arduino’s analog-to-digital converter, giving 1024 possible values.
What is the A/D resolution?
These two pins are usually connecting Arduino and the I2C bus.
What are SDA and SCL?
This counter is named after a person and is composed of flip-flops.
What is The Johnson counter?
Among common LED colors, this one was historically the hardest to manufacture and it required newer
semiconductor materials.
What is the blue LED?
This term describes a microcontroller input pin that is not connected to either VCC or GND, causing it to randomly read HIGH or LOW.
What is a floating pin?
This Arduino function generates a tone on a digital pin using an internal timer, and can run independently of delay().
What is tone()?
Without this library, communicating with other devices on Arduino would be impossible.
What is wire.h?
Given two inputs, this logical circuit outputs a high signal (1) only when all of its inputs are different.
What is logical XOR circuit?
This value differs between red, green, and blue LEDs and determines how much voltage is needed
before the LED starts conducting in forward direction.
What is the forward voltage (UF) or threshold voltage?
These two signal edges represent the moment when an input transitions from LOW to HIGH or HIGH to LOW, often used to detect precise button presses.
What are the rising and falling edges?
This limitation of the Arduino prevents tone() from working correctly when analogWrite() is used on pins 3 or 11.
What is a timer conflict?
This special variable is used to make custom symbols on an LCD.
What is uint8_t?
This switch connects one of many inputs to a single output and can handle 2n data inputs.
What is a multiplexer?