Patterns of Evolution
What is it called when two organisms with a common ancestor build differences that lead to two different species?
Divergent Evolution
What is it called when a species is physically separated?
Allopatric Speciation
Natural Selection
"survival of the fittest" or environmental changes that favor a specific trait
What is it called when there is a random change in allele frequencies?
Genetic drift
When organisms move in or out of a population.
Gene flow
What pattern of evolution is commonly shown by finches?
Adaptive radiation
What is it called when you cannot reproduce because of a non-physical barrier?
Sympatric Speciation
Speciation
The formation of a new species.
Emmigration affects what mechanism of evolution?
Founder effect
Sharks and dolphins both have streamlined bodies that allow them to move through water efficiently, this is an example of which type of evolution?
Convergent evolution
What is coevolution?
When two different organisms become interconnected and release evolutionary pressure on each other.
Name a prezygotic barrier.
Habitat Isolation- live in different habitats (land vs. water)
Temporal Isolation- mating cycles do not align
Behavioral Isolation- mate attraction is not the same
Mechanical Isolation- their reproductive organs do not fit together
Gametic Isolation- the sperm cannot fertilize the egg
Sexual Selection
What effect is resulted in a part of a population being killed?
Bottleneck effect
For years, dog breeders have bred particular dogs to pass on. This is an example of ...
Artificial Selection
The pattern of evolution involving analogous structures is called?
Convergent Evolution
Name a postzygotic barrier.
Reduced-hybrid vitality- don't live long enough
Reduced-hybrid fertility- unable to have offspring
Hybrid breakdown - two generations are fertile, but the third one is sterile
Gene flow
movement of genes from one population to another
What is the difference between the bottleneck and founder effect?
In the bottleneck effect, a portion of the population was killed, while in the founder effect, they have moved.
In a desert plant, its flowers open in the early morning, while in another species of the same family. flowers open in the late afternoon.
What pattern of speciation is this?
Sympatric - temporal isolation
Cheetahs have evolved speed and agility to be able to catch their prey (gazelles). In response, gazelles have evolved to be agile and fast making it harder for the predatory cheetahs to capture them.
What type of pattern is this?
Coevolution
An organism mates in the winter while the other organism mates in the fall.
What is the pattern of speciation?
Preygotic - Temporal Isolation
Artifficial Selection
Human preference/choice
Red feathers are a common color in a population. Suddenly, a volcano erupts and kills more than 3/4 of the population. Now green feathers are more common.
What is the effect demonstrated?
An earthquake causes an ocean channel to open up on an island where a low area previously existed. The island’s lizard population is now separated on the two parts of the island, providing an example of
Allopatric speciation