Vocabulary
What is a Trace Fossil?
A fossil of a track, trail, or burrow
What branch of Earth science enables people to learn more about God’s creative powers by specifically studying physical things beyond the earth’s atmosphere?
Astronomy
What do scientists use to study the nature of Earth’s interior?
Seismic Waves
List three forces that lead to the erosion of material
Wave action, wind, mass wasting, glacial ice
True or False, Clay particles are smaller than silt particles
True
The removal and transport of material by wind, water, or ice
Erosion
On a topographical map, what is indicated by contour lines that are close together?
A Steep Slope
The earth’s core is mostly comprised of
Iron
A liquid mass of mud and debris rapidly flowing downhill through natural channels
Mudflow
Most fossils are found in ______ rock.
sedimentary
The downhill movement of loose rocks and soil caused by gravity
Mass Wasting
What are World Time Zones Based on?
Lines of longitude
Explain the difference between Indirect and direct Observations.
Indirect is something you cant see or touch but can study. Direct is something you can see, touch and hear.
Landslides, mudflows, and soil creep are all similar in that....
they all involve soil moving downhill
The A horizon is also known as ______
Topsoil
The nutrient-rich, organic material in soil
Humus
What type of projection would be best for creating a map of areas near the equator?
Cylindrical
Where do convection currents occur and what causes them?
Mantle, by extreme differences in temperature in the mantle. The bottom of the mantle is very hot and the top of the mantle is much cooler
Water is responsible for mechanical weathering of rocks through changes in
Temperature
According to the _______ , rock fragments found in nearby rock layers must be older than the rock layers that contain them.
Principle of inclusions
What is the Lithosphere?
The outermost, rigid layer of the earth composed of the stiff upper layer of the mantle and the crust
Describe the differences between naturalism and theism
Naturalism is the belief that matter and energy are all that exist and that the universe began as a result of a series of random, undirected natural processes.
Theism is the belief that a supernatural being, who Christians recognize as the God of the Bible, personally and purposefully created the universe
What is the depth of the Mantle, and Crust
2700KM, 6-40KM
Describe three processes that contribute to chemical weathering
hydrolysis—substances break down through a chemical reaction with water; hydration—minerals change when they absorb water; carbonation—carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which weathers limestone and marble; acid rain—gasses in the air dissolve in water to form acid solutions that weather rock; Or oxidation
Is it better to grow crops in a valley or along the incline portion of a mountain slope? Explain
It is better to grow crops in a valley because rainwater removes topsoil as it flows down steep slopes