Vitals
range of pulse rate for healthy adult
60-100
Federal agency that protects employees in the workplace
OSHA
which chemical fundamentally controls the initiation of breathing
Increased CO2
what is the formula for cardiac output?
SV x HR
What does each letter in SAMPLE mean?
signs & symptoms, allergies, medications, past pertinent history, last oral intake, events
what is the most common type of shock?
Hypovolemic
range of respiratory rate for healthy adult
12-20 bpm
the set of procedures an EMT are legally permitted to perform are called the
scope of practice
What is the flow rate range for an O2 cannula?
1-6 lpm
what it is commonly called when a person is having a heart attack without the typical chest pain
silent heart attack
when would you use an emergency move?
when there is a threat to life
which of the drugs an EMT basic can administer is a suspension?
Activated charcoal
A healthy adult’s oxygen saturation level (SPO2) will be a minimum of
94%
the care a reasonable prudent EMT with similar training & experience would provide to a patient is called the…
standard of care
an O2 cannula and NRB works to improve oxygen saturation; when is a BVM needed?
ventilatory assistance
Name the 4 components of blood and tell what each does
Red blood cells - carries O2
White blood cells - fights infection
Platelets - platelet aggregation
Plasma - transport mechanism
a high pitched inspiratory sound indicates a partial upper airway obstruction and is called….
stridor
a patient has a RR of 10 and TV of 400, what is this patient’s Minute Volume
4,000 (RR x TV, 10 x 400)
A person’s BP is 110/70. What is their pulse pressure?
40
EMS guidelines & recommendations come out of which federal agency?
NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Admin)
when inserting an NPA, the bevel should be facing the patient’s
septum
this condition is when pericardial effusion inhibits the heart from functioning properly
Cardiac tamponade
spinal motion restriction is carried out in which part of the assessment process?
primary assessment
what are two possible causes of non-hemorrhagic shock?
burns, diarrhea, vomiting
You just administered a dose of nitroglycerin to a pt, what do you expect their BP to do and why?
decrease because nitro relaxes the arterial muscle walls
Which two key players have the authority to expand an EMT’s scope of practice?
Medical Director & state committee (in Ala, ADPH)
up to what % of oxygen is being delivered with an NRB at 15 lpm?
90%
3 parts: (1) which 2 drugs are typically indicated for cardiac chest pain; (2) what is the dose for each; and (3) what does each do?
Aspirin - 324 MG, inhibits platelet aggregation
Nitro - .4 MG, relaxes arterial walls
what does each letter in DCAP-BTLS stand for?
deformity, contusion, abrasion, penetration/puncture, burn, tenderness, laceration, swelling
What are the 3 parts to Beck’s Triad and what does it indicate?
Muffled heart tones, narrowing pulse pressure, JVD - indicates cardiac tampanode
What is usually the last vital sign to change in a person in shock AND how does it change
BP drops
What does an EMT do if a parent refuses treatment, which is needed in the opinion of the EMT, do?
Inform, educate, document, follow parent’s decision if mentally competent
with a person with emphysema, what is happening to the alveolar walls?
stretching
what typically causes cardiac arrests in children?
respiratory arrest
What does blood glucometry measure and what is a typical adult’s normal range?
level blood glucose (sugar), 80-120
what part of the nervous system is activated when the heart rate increases, brochiloles dilate, vascular system constricts, and pupils dilate?
sympathetic nervous system