Foundational Concepts
The view on leisure that is sharply contrasted with work, involving instead such pursuits as art, political debate, philosophical discussion, and learning in general
What is schole?
Lacking another person to participate with in a recreation activity is this type of constraint
What is an interpersonal constraint?
Performance of an activity to alleviate guilt and or anxiety or to enhance ego
What is introjected motivation?
In this popular pre-Columbian Mesoamerican game, wherein players used their hips and knees to try and hit a ball through a stone ring fixed halfway up a wall, the losers were often offered up for ritual sacrifice.
What is ulama?
First articulated by John Calvin in the mid 16th century, this belief system tied moral virtue to hard work and productivity—leading to early societal views that leisure was only acceptable if it served rest for more work or moral improvement.
What is the protestant work ethic?
This form of play is caused by the existence of excess energy beyond that needed for survival
What is surplus-energy theory of play?
Lacking time is the most common type of this constraint.
What is a structural constraint?
Leisure behavior that is restricted by society’s norms
What is taboo leisure?
This civilization was noted for idealizing the "balanced man" a combined soldier, athlete, artist, statesman, and philosopher. This ideal was furthered through education and numerous religious festivals.
What is Ancient Greece?
This sport originally appealed to the brawling and urban working classes until ticket prices were raised, beer was banned, and free tickets were given to the clergy.
What is baseball?
This piece of legislation was instrumental in improving opportunities for female athletes to participate at the high school and college level.
What is Title IX?
Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs. Which level is the highest and is defined as a need for being creative, spontaneous, and to find fulfillment in a variety of expressive activities
What is self-actualization?
The term for what the Roman ruling class provided to the plebs to entertain and amuse them--doles of grain and public games.
What are bread and circuses?
This organization was formed by preservationist John Muir and encouraged interest in the outdoors and ultimately the National Park Service
What is the Sierra Club?
Roger Caillois described this type of play as activities that are competitive, and winners are determined through qualities such as speed, endurance, strength, memory, skill, and ingenuity.
What is Agon or Agonistic games?
The dominant racial minority in the United States
Who are Hispanic individuals?
According to theory/model of flow, an individual experiences __________ if his/her skills are high and challenge level is low
What is boredom?
The protestants detested this as the "devil's workshop."
What is idleness or idle hands?
This movement consisted of readings, lectures, and other educational events, popularized at Lake Chautauqua in southwestern New York.
What is the Lyceum Movement?
This man coined the term, "conspicuous consumption"
Who is Thorstein Veblen?
Children's time playing outdoors has significantly decreased in the last 20 years, primarily because of concerns about this.
What is safety?
The systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer activity sufficiently substantial and interesting for the participant to find a career there in the acquisition and expression of a combination of its special skills, knowledge and experience.
What is serious leisure?
The punishment given to a frequent drunkard in New England in the 1700s.
What was wearing a large D made of Red Cloth?
This President said, "We may divide the whole struggle of the human race into two chapters: first, the fight to get leisure; and then the second fight of civilization--what shall we do with our leisure when we get it?
Who is President James Garfield?