Cardiac
A nurse is providing teaching to a patient about risk factors CAD. Which factors should the nurse mention that increases the client’s risk for developing CAD?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Hypertension
B. Smoking
C. High HDL level
D. Diabetes mellitus
E. Sedentary lifestyle
F. Low LDL level
A, B, D, E
Hypertension damages arterial walls, promoting plaque buildup. Smoking damages tissues and increases clot formation. Diabetes speeds up atherosclerosis and increases CAD risk. Living a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk for obesity, hypertension, and CAD.
Which ABG is expected in early ARDS?
A. Normal ABG
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
D
A nurse is teaching a patient with stage 4 CKD about dietary restrictions. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to limit? (Select all that apply.)
A. Bananas
B. White rice
C. Spinach
D. Baked chicken
E. Oranges
A, C, E
Bananas, Spinach, and Oranges are high in potassium and CKD patients can't properly excrete potassium
A nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis. Which assessment finding should the nurse identify as a sign of hepatic encephalopathy?
A. Confusion and difficulty concentrating
B. Ascites
C. Jaundice
D. Peripheral edema
A.
Hepatic encephalopathy happens when toxins can not be excreted from the body by the liver and these toxins then affect the brain
A patient with DIC receives fresh frozen plasma. Which finding indicates the treatment is effective?
A. Decreased bleeding from IV sites
B. Platelet count continues to drop
C. Epigastric pain
D. Increased PT
A
Because fresh frozen plasma replaces clotting factors, effective treatment would show improved clotting and decreased bleeding.
Which findings indicate worsening left-sided heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pink frothy sputum
B. Crackles
C. Peripheral edema
D. S3 heart sound
E. Jaundice
A, B, D
These are classic signs of worsening left sided heart failure. Peripheral edema is caused by right sided heart failure and jaundice is related to hepatitis.
A nurse is caring for a mechanically ventilated client. Which interventions reduce risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)? (Select all that apply.)
A. Elevate HOB 30–45°
B. Daily sedation holiday
C. Closed suctioning
D. Supine positioning
E. Oral care with chlorhexidine
A, B, C, E
During hemodialysis, a patient becomes restless and confused and reports a headache. BP is stable. What is the priority action?
A. Slow the dialysis rate
B. Administer antihypertensive
C. Recline the head of chair
D. Increase ultrafiltration
A
This suggests dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. Slowing dialysis is priority.
A patient with acute pancreatitis reports severe epigastric pain that radiates to the back. Which position should the nurse encourage to help reduce the patients' pain?
A. Trendelenburg
B. Side lying with knees flexed
C. Prone
D. Flat with knees raised
B. Side lying with knees flexed
A patient with DIC suddenly presents with confusion and decreased urine output. What is the nurse’s priority concern?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Organ dysfunction
C. Hypernatremia
D. Anxiety
B
DIC can progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Microthrombi can obstruct blood vessels which can lead to organ failure due to lack of perfusion.
A patient with kidney failure was admitted to the ED with a potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L. Which ECG change should the nurse expect?
A. U waves
B. Peaked T waves
C. ST depression
D. Prolonged QT interval
B
Hyperkalemia causes
-peaked T waves
- widened QRS
- risk of ventricular dysrhythmias
A client on 100% FiO₂ has PaO₂ 54 mmHg. What does this indicate?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Refractory hypoxemia
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Hypercapnia
B
This is a hallmark sign of ARDS. Despite being on 100%, the patients' O2 is constantly declining.
A patient is 1 month post renal transplant and reports fever and decreased urine output. Which findings support acute rejection? (Select all that apply.)
A. Weight loss
B. Elevated Creatinine
C. Low BP
D. Decreased urine output
E. Tenderness at the graft site
B, D, E
These are acute rejection signs after a transplant. The BP usually increases during a rejection.
Which lab value best reflects liver cell injury?
A. Elevated ALT
B. Elevated albumin
C. Elevated potassium
D. Decreased appetite
A
This lab is the most specific to hepatic injury
An ICU nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of DIC with a newly hired nurse. Which statements clearly describe what occurs with DIC? (Select all that apply.)
A. Clotting factors are consumed
B. Microthrombi form in small vessels
C. Platelet count increases
D. Fibrinolysis increases
E. Organ perfusion decreases
A, B, D, E