The Crusades
when did the last Christian stronghold fell
1291
Who oversees the land and provides protection
King
Where did Muhammad and his followers flee to
Medina from Mecca
Buying and selling of the church offices to a layperson
Simony
Free rights to visit the holy land without persecution, defense of the faith against heretics (led to papal inguisition), Reunification of Eastern and Western churches, Economic and political gain
who oversees the knights and the peasants
lords
Where did Muhammad spread the Islamic faith
he spreads the Islamic faith through previous Christian areas such as Antioch, Damascus, Jerusalem, Cyprus, etc
Secular leaders selected the bishop in their lands
Lay investiture
what was another goal during the Crusades
-Free rights to visit the Holy Land without
persecution
-Defense of the faith against heretics (Led
to Papal Inquisition)
-Reunification of Eastern and Western
Churches
-Economic and political gain
who provides loyalty to the lords and the kings
Knights
The weakened Byzantine Empire could not stand against Who
the Muslim armies
why were some of the Spiritual responsibilities of a bishop sometimes falling by the wayside
because they were caught up in the warfare, vassal relationships and power struggles
The Crusades led to what
Led to the revival of Christian philosophical thought and spread of technological advancements
who works on a farmland and pays rent
Peasants
the Church's patriarchates fell in what 3 areas
Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria
The Church was a landholder and thus became a part of what
Political and economic web of western Europe
Military expeditions attempt to return to where
The holy land (Jerusalem)
In what order does the Feudal System go
King, lords, Knights, peasants
Many Christians convert to
Islam
Bouns Question
One-third to one-half of the estimated population loss in where
Europe