Knighthood
When did Knights first appear in Middle Ages Europe
Around the 8th and 9th centuries
Who set the policy for the church and provided leadership and direction
The Pope
Lowest on the social hierarchy
The Serfs
Which three religions have sacred ties to Jerusalem?
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
What is a vassal?
a servant
How can people still be knighted today?
They make extreme sacrifices for and/or contributions to their country
Religious officials who work for the church
Clergy
Vassal to God
The King
What can you infer about peace in the region during the Ottoman rule?
Since they were in power for over 600 years, we can infer that it was mostly peaceful
What is a fief?
A piece of land loaned to a vassal
Who did Knights swear to defend?
The weak, poor, widows, orphans, and anyone who faced oppression. Anyone who could not help themselves.
Name the 5 levels of the church's hierarchy (lowest to highest)
(lowest) Parish Priest, Bishops, Archbishops, Cardinals, and the Pope
Name the 4 levels of the social hierarchy (lowest to highest)
(lowest) Serf, Knight, Lord, and King (highest)
What were the Middle-eastern products that made their way to European markets because of the Cruades?
Pepper, muslin, chess, algebra, coffee, and rice
What is the Divine Right Theory?
The belief that God chooses the king
Name 5 characteristics of Chivalry (12 total)
Faith, Sagacity (good judgement), Determined, Diligence, Charity, Prudence (cautious), Truth, Hope, Justice, Temperance, Generosity, Courage
How is church life different from political life?
In political life people couldn't advance (serfs are serfs forever). But in the church there was a chance to advance.
Organizes the army in exchange for a fief
A Lord
How did the 3rd Crusade end?
What is a Fallow?
An area of land that is on a "break" from growing crops to help the soil replenish. The land is tilled but nothing is planted.
What are the two ways for a boy to become a knight?
1.) Fight heroically on the battlefield
2.) Become an apprentice to a knight and be trained by him
How did the Church's power of excommunication affect the way people lived their lives?
People were afraid of the Church, for fear of being kicked out, so they would do anything the church told them to.
Prepares/leads the army for the lord in exchange for fief
Knights
Name 3 of the 5 ways that the Crusade impacted the middle ages.
1. Power of the church increased
2. Breakdown of feudalism and growth of cities
3. Middle-Eastern products made their way to European markets
4. Standing armies in the Middle East
5. Anti-west attitudes forrmed
What does it mean to be excommunicated from the church?
To be kicked out and banned from the church. literally means to be "kicked out of heaven".