Medieval Christianity
The political and spiritual leader of the Christian World?
The Pope
The Hundreds Year War was a conflict between
England and France
Medieval farmers born on a lord's land and permanently bound to it for life
Serfs
The Ultimate goal of the Crusades from the Christian perspective was to
Recapture the Holy Land
The Bubonic plague resulted in the death of what percentage or ratio of Europeans?
1/3 of Europeans
33%
A Formal expulsion from the Catholic Church that can be placed on anyone
Excommunication
Longbow
Feudalism grew out of a need for protection against this group
Vikings
The only successful Crusade for the Europeans was the
First Crusade
Event that helped to kickstart the beginning of the Dark Ages in Europe
The collapse of the Western Roman Empire
Monumental split between the Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches
Great Schism
French peasant girl who said she experienced visions of God to lead the French Army into battle
Joan of Arc
A system of estates owned by a lord and run by serfs and peasants
Manor
The 4th Crusade resulted in the invasion and sacking of this Christian City
Constantinople
Strong European leader who helped unite and stabilize Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire
Charlemagne
Religious groups that cared for the sick & poor, housed travelers, and spread Christianity
Monastic Orders
One of the most profound impacts of the Hundreds Years War is
Decline in the Feudal System
Establishment of a French & English Culture
Beginning of French-English Rivalry
Official document or paper detailing the rights of citizens, leading to the creation of a town or city
Charter
One long-term impact of the Crusades on Europe was
Increased trade throughout Europe
Increased Church power
Increased Power of the Feudal Lords
Europe's reemergence in the world
This civilization preserved Greek and Roman culture and acted as a buffer between Western Europe and the Islamic world
Byzantine Empire
One consequence (positive or negative) of the rise of Christianity in Europe
Increased Power of the Church
Increased discrimination against Non-Christians
The Crusades
Two factors that led to the success of the French over England
Death of Joan of Arc
Invention of the Cannon
Period of increased trade, the rise of new businesses, and an emerging Middle Class
Commercial Revolution
Muslim leader who recaptured the Holy Land and is considered one of the greatest military strategists of his time
Saladin
One negative aspect of the Dark Ages on Europe is
Population decline
Lack of technological change
Rise of Feudalism