Composers
What are the two methods for recognizing pitches developed by Guido de Arezzo?
Solmization
Guidonian Hand
The Cathedral of Notre Dame was important because it was a cultural center of arts and education. True or False?
True
The Office was a sequence of eight prayer services that take place at specific times throughout the day. What was this system called?
Rule of Saint Benedict
How many rhythmic modes were created during the Middle Ages?
6
Perotinus was known to be the best ____________ and he composed __________________.
He was known to be the best composer of discants, making him the best discantor. A well-known composition of his is Viderunt omnes.
Who compiled the Magnum liber organi?
Leonis
What were Minnesinger's compositions called?
Minnelieder
A type of service that is commemoration of the last supper of Jesus and his disciples and includes readings and prayers is:
the Mass
Name the 3 types of formes fixes:
Virelai, rondeau, ballade
Hildegard of Bingen's music was not famous because women were not allowed to compose. True or False?
During the Middle Ages, women weren't allowed to to participate in church singing, because that was limited to priesthood. However, nuns in convents were allowed to pursue music-making activities. Hildegard's music was only known locally due to limited communication and travel.
Who was the leading composer of the French Ars Nova and what was his most well-known Mass?
Guillaume de Machaut, he composed Messe de Nostre Dame
Mass Proper texts were unchangeable. True or False?
False, Mass Proper texts had variable texts.
A textual or melodic figure that is added to an existing chant without changing its original structure is called:
a trope
These facts describe what?
Melodies shaped like an arc
No big jumps, usually moves by 2nd and 3rds
Important notes emphasized through note repetition
Prominent syllables set to higher note
Chants in Mass and Office
A chantar was written by:
a troibaritz
Name two 13th century motet composers.
Adam de la Halle
Franco of Cologne
Name the sections of the Mass Ordinary (there are 6):
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Ite
What is a term that refers to a commentary or explanation written alongside a musical manuscript?
Gloss
In isorhythm, the color and talea always end at the same time. True or False?
False, while the the talea and color can be the same length, beginning and ending together; most of the time, the color is longer than the talea. In some motets, the color and talea don’t end together resulting in the color starting in the middle of a talea.
Hildegard's liturgical drama is called:
Ordo virvutum
Who was the leading composer of the Italian ballate? Did he compose Non avrà ma’pietà?
Francesco Landini, he composed Non avrà ma’pietà
What was the origin of the motet?
The motet came about when Notre Dame musicians troped the clausulae repertoire, which ended up making the clausula become a separate piece. This new genre resulting from troping became known as the motet.
A self-contained section of an organum that closes with a cadence is called
A clausula
A jongleur is more respected than a troubadour. True or False?
False, jongleurs usually were considered social outcasts and denied protection of the law. Troubadours, on the other hand, were a mix of people in society, some were kings, some from families of merchants and craftsmen, or even accomplished jongleurs.
Can vei la lazueta mover was written by?
A troubadour named Bernart de Ventadorn.