Hierarchy
Who owned all the land
King
1. What two time periods did the Middle Ages fall between?
The fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance
Who was head of the Church?
Pope
What were the Crusades?
A series of 9 Holy Wars between Christians and Muslims
What was the Bubonic Plague?
A deadly plague that swept through Europe
Who was bound to the land
Serfs
What is a reason the Middle Ages are referred to as the” Dark Ages”?
Repeated invasions, no central government, did not support learning, bad economy
Who had more power - The Pope or a king
The Pope
What caused the Crusades?
Christians were not allowed to make pilgrimages to the Holy Land.
What was the Bubonic Plague called the Black Death?
Large, dark splotches appeared on the skin
Who protected the kingdom
Knights
What was the name of the Frank ruler that was one of the best known Medieval kings?
Charlemagne
How did the church become powerful?
Land was given by Nobles and through tithes
How was the 4th Crusade different from the other Crusades?
The Pope used it to try and reunite the Catholic Church
How did people try to treat the bubonic plague?
Bloodletting, herbal remedies, magic, and witchcraft
Who received land and gave loyalty?
Lords
What was the cause of feudalism?
Lack of central government and no security
What was the church considered in the Middle Ages?
The only unifying organization in Europe?
What was the impact of the Crusades on Europe
Increased trade, Growth or intolerance, New learning, and cultural diffusion
How was the bubonic plague spread?
Fleas traveling on rats infected humans
Put the following in order based on feudalism from highest importance to lowest importance:
Kings, Lords, Knights, Peasants, Serfs
Define feudalism.
Exchange of land and protection for labor and loyalty
What is it called when you can no longer be a part of the church?
Excommunication
Who was fighting in the Crusades
Christians and Muslims
What effects did the bubonic plague have on feudalism?
It weakened the feudal system and eventually ended it