1
The fall of which empire marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?
Western Roman Empire
Who were the clergy?
Religious leaders
Which term refers to religious ceremonies?
Sacraments
Women who lived secluded lives of devotion and service to the church were called ____.
nuns
Who was the first king of the Franks?
Quotidian Quadruple
Clovis
Which Frankish leader defeated a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Tours?
Charles Martel
Which Frankish leader gave land to the Pope that became the Papal States?
Pepin the Short
Who was the greatest of the Frankish kings?
Charlemagne
Where were the Vikings from?
Scandinavia
Which term refers to a tract of land given by a lord to a vassal?
Fief
What did the vassal receive from the lord in exchange for managing some of his lands?
Protection
A boy who was in the first stage of training to become a knight was called a _____.
page
Who would participate in medieval tournaments?
Knights
Where did most peasants live during the Middle Ages?
On the manor
Who became king of England after winning the Battle of Hastings?
William the Conqueror
What was the legal practice in which a person went through a difficult physical circumstance to determine innocence or guilt?
Trial by ordeal
What legal practice allowed a group of people to decide the outcome of a trial?
Trial by jury
Which king signed the Magna Carta?
John
What effect did the Magna Carta have?
It required the king to submit to laws
Which of these did not contribute to the decline of feudalism in Europe?
The construction of castles
The Renaissance means what? What did it bring about?
"Rebirth" and it brought about a revival of classical learning
What was the Great Western Schism?
The Roman Catholic Church was divided by three popes. Also known as the Babylonian Captivity of the RCC.
When was Charlemagne crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire?
Christmas Day 800AD
Describe Feudalism.
Lords provided protection, justice in the lord's court, and a grant of land (fief) to the vassal
Vassals owed military service, loyalty, and were responsible to ensure law & order on his fief
Who announced the Crusades in 1095?
Daily Double
Pope Urban II
How did the methods of discipline, such as excommunication and interdict, function within the Roman Catholic Church?
Excommunication excluded individuals from the Church, while interdict suspended church services in a particular region
How did John Wycliffe and John Huss challenge the Catholic Church during the 14th and 15th centuries?
By challenging the church’s authority over Scripture and opposing indulgences
What was the cause of the Hundred Years’ War, and which two countries were involved?
The English king’s claim to the French throne, involving England and France
How did the actions of Ferdinand and Isabella affect the Jewish and Muslim populations in Spain?
They expelled Jews who refused to convert to Christianity and drove out Muslims from Granada
How did the invention of the printing press revolutionize the spread of ideas during the Renaissance?
It allowed for the mass production of books, enabling the rapid spread of new ideas and knowledge