Middle Ages
How many Crusades were there?
Four
What event(s) started the Middle Ages?
Fall of Rome and/or Europe was split into many small kingdoms.
Who were monks?
Religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities called monasteries.
Who was the head of the Christian church in the Middle Ages?
The pope
Who was Joan of Arc?
A teenage peasant girl who rallied the French troops. She was captured and killed, but the French were able to drive out the English from France.
Who were the Crusades fought between and what were they fought over?
Christians and Muslims, and they were trying to gain control of the Holy Land (Palestine)
What years were the Middle Ages?
500-1500
Who was Benedict?
Italian monk who created Benedictine Rule (a code of rules followed by monks)
What was the Great Schism?
Pope Leo's decision to excommunicate a bishop who did not recognize his authority. The church split in the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
War between France and England over control of the French throne (1328). It changed the government because Parliament's power grew and in France the king's power grew. It also changed how armies fought- used artillery.
What was the Manor System?
An economic system where knights allowed peasants to farm land on their estates. In return, the peasants had to give the knights food or other payment.
What is another name for the Middle Ages?
Medieval
Who was Charlemagne?
A brilliant warrior and strong king who led the Franks in building a huge empire. He was given the title of "Emperor of the Romans."
What is excommunication and what was the belief about it?
To cast someone out from the church, and it was believed that a person who died while excommunicated would not get into Heaven.
What document was written in 1215 and how did it limit the king's power?
Magna Carta- habeas corpus- people could not be kept in jail without a reason. Required kings to obey the laws.
Who ended up with control of the Holy Land after the Crusades were over?
Muslims
What was the Black Death and how did it affect Europe?
It was the plague that killed 25 million (1/3 of population) and changed society- caused the manor system to fall apart.
How did monks influence society?
They performed many services, such as health care. They ran schools, copied books, served as scribes. They also helped spread Christian teachings.
Who was Emperor Henry IV and what happened between him and Pop Gregory VII?
What was the Spanish Inquisition?
Organization of priests that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected of practicing a religion other than Christianity.
What does the word "crusade" mean?
It is from Latin and it means "marked with a cross"
What was a serf and what was a vassal?
A serf was lower than a peasant and a worked who was tied to the land where they lived. Vassals were knights who promised to support a lord in exchange for land.
What is Eurasia and what was the boundary?
Europe and Asia, The Ural Mtns.
What was feudalism?
Feudalism was a system where kings/lords were at the top and knights pledge to serve them. This created
Who was William the Conqueror?
He won the Battle of Hastings and declared himself the new king of England.