Origins of the Gregorian Chant
Who decided to unify the repertoire of the local chants?
Pope Gregory the Great
Where was the Roman chant sung?
In Italy, in regions near Rome
From the Bible
In what country were the troubadours and trovères?
France
True or false: there is a predominance of conjunct intervals in the melodies of the Gregorian chant.
True.
Who sung the ancient chants before converting to Christianity and changing the texts?
The Jews
Where was the Byzantine chant sung?
In regions of the Ancient Byzantine Empire
In what language are the Gregorian chants written?
In what country were the meistersingers and minnesingers?
Germany
Who were the Jongleurs?
Musicians that roamed from one village to another performing music, dance, poetry, and theatre
Who did Pope Gregory the Great send to collect the different local chants?
Monks
Where was the Gallican chant sung?
In France
What are the three different styles of the Gregorian chant?
Syllabic, Neumatic, and Melismatic
Where were the Cantigas sung?
Name the 5 most important local chants.
Roman chant, Ambrosian chant, Gallican chant, Byzantine chant, Mozarabic chant
How did the ancient chants become local chants?
When some Jews converted to Christianity, they used the same chants but changed the text. Then, these chants were spread and influenced by the music of each country, leading to the local chants.
Where was the Mozarabic chant sung?
In the Iberian peninsula
What is the function of the Gregorian chant?
Religious function (it was composed for prayer)
Who were the goliards?
Monks who had left their monastery and roamed from one village to another composing their music
What are the Cantigas de Santa María about?
They talk about miracles and praises of the Virgin Mary
When were the local chants unified by Pope Gregory the Great?
In the 9th Century
Where was the Ambrosian chant sung?
In the north of Italy
Name 5 characteristics of the Gregorian chant.
1. Monodic
2. Modal
3. Melodies have a narrow scope
4. Predominance of conjunct intervals
5. Rhythm is free and depends on the text
6. Texts are taken from the Bible
7. Texts are written in latin
8. It was composed to pray, so it has religious function
9. It was sung by a monks choir
10. There were three different styles: syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic
What is the name of the pieces that were sung by a woman telling her confidences to a friend?
Cantigas de amigo
Name and define the three different styles of the Gregorian chant.
Syllabic - when every syllable of the text has one note
Neumatic - when some syllables are sung as two to four notes
Melismatic - when a group of notes are sung with only one syllable