Feudalism
This piece of land also known as a fief was given to lords by monarchs in return for loyalty.
Manors
The most powerful people in the medieval Christian church.
Popes
Under this king the Franks conquered Gaul and became Christians.
Clovis
Because Europe had many of these, the Vikings were able to travel inland very quickly using their longboats.
Rivers
The growth of this led to the end of feudalism because knights began to demand money for their services.
Lords hired these paid warriors to defend their land.
Knights
They are people who try to spread a particular religion to new places.
Missionaries
He conquered large parts of Europe and Pope Leo III gave him the title Emperor of the Romans.
Charlemagne
In 1054 AD, a disagreement over authority caused a permanent split in the Christian Church into East & West.
The Great Schism
Unlike monks who lived in isolated monasteries, these religious men lived among ordinary people and begged for food.
Friars
People who were tied to the land and could not leave the manor without the lord’s permission.
Serfs
He took it upon himself to teach people about Christianity in Britain and Ireland.
Saint Patrick
She had great political power and became queen of both France and England.
Eleanor of Aquitaine
This system of mutual promised organized life in Medieval Europe for hundreds of years.
The feudal system
These were communities of monks.
Monasteries
A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land was called this.
Vassal
They were religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities.
Monks
They came from Scandinavia to plunder silver and gold from Europeans by using their longboats for quick travel.
Vikings
A heavier version of this which was used to dig deeper into the soil was invented during the Middle Ages.
A plow
Medieval cathedrals featured this style of architecture, known for being very tall with large stained-glass windows.
What is Gothic architecture
This ruler defeated the English king in the Battle of Hastings and declared himself king. As a reward, he gave his knights large estates of land, which helped start feudalism.
William the Conqueror
This severe punishment by the Pope banished a person from the Church, which medieval Christians believed meant they could not go to heaven.
Excommunication
This Holy Roman Emperor had to stand barefoot in the snow for three days to apologize to Pope Gregory VII.
Emperor Henry IV
In the warmer climate of Southern Europe, most towns developed along this geographic feature.
The Coast
European art in the Middle Ages was strongly influenced by this religion.
Christianity