Crusades
A series of religious and military campaigns, primarily undertaken by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries to seize control of the Holy Land from Muslim rule
What are the Crusades?
Who attracted followers after he told a story of how the angel Gabriel visited him and gave him a series of revelations contained in the Qur'an
Arabian Merchant Muhammad
This powerful Frankish king was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by Pope Leo III
Who is Charlemagne?
Who is the lowest in the Feudal system
What are Peasants/Serfs?
What were centers of Community
Mosques
What were the Christians trying to gain from the Crusades?
What is the Holy Land?
Who decided that an alliance with the papcy would establish him as the legitimate christian ruler - the pope can name him - and his succesors - the rightful ruler
Frankish leader, Pepin the short
This empire began in 800 AD when Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the pope
What is the Holy Roman Empire?
Who is at the top of the Feudal System
Who is the King/Monarch?
How did Mosques influence urban development in Islam
Cities grew around major mosques, with streets, markets, and public spaces radiating outward, and these mosques became centers for charitable activities, like feeding the poor and distributing aid.
This group controlled Jerusalem before the First Crusade and fought against the European crusaders
Who are the Muslims?
Who was the succesor of Pepin the short, the one who created the most powerful empire in the west since the roman empire
Charlemagne
This term means the worldwide body or society of Christians
What is Christendom?
Who sits directly below the king/monarch in the feudal system
Who are Lords/Nobles?
What was the architecture like in Islam
Mosques often had domes, minarets, and courtyards.
This long period of religious wars between Christians and Muslims lasted from 1096 to 1291.
What are the Crusades?
Who firmly help that because the church was founded by christ, she was above all human societies, including teh state - and that she must welcome all humanity into the body of christ
Pope Gregory VII
What is one of the things that Charlemagne established?
What are monasteries/schools/training of clerics?
Who sits above peasants/serfs in the feudal system?
What are merchants/farmers/craftsmen?
What happened in 610 AD
Arabian Merchant Muhammad has a conversion experience, and he attracts followers after he tells the story of how the angel Gabriel visited him and gave him a series of revelations contained in Qur'an
This empire, centered in Constantinople, asked Western Europe for help against Muslim forces, indirectly sparking the First Crusade
What is the Byzantine Empire?
a French peasant girl who, believing she was acting under divine guidance, led the French army to key victories during the Hundred Years' War
Who was Joan of Arc?
What happened in 1054AD?
Who provides loyalty to the lords and the king
What are knights/vassals?
What happened in 622 AD
After experiencing persecution, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina from Mecca, then returned with an army, defeated the Arabian persecutors, and spread the Islamic faith through previously Christian areas - Antioch, Damascus, Jerusalem, Cyprus, etc. The weakened Byzantine Empire cannot stand against the Muslim armies, and many Christians convert to Islam. Europe becomes isolated as Islam spreads and the Church's patriarchates in Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria fall.