Feudalism
What was Feudalism?
A system used in medieval Europe in which land was owned by kings or nobles and given to nobles or knights in exchange for loyalty, military service, and protection.
What was a manor?
The large estate or house owned by a lord that included farmland, villages, and the homes of serfs and peasants. The manor was the center of economic life in feudalism.
Who held more spiritual power: the pope or the king?
The Pope
What nursery rhyme song was used as way to teach young kids about the bubonic plaugue?
Ring around the Rosie
What was a Crusade?
A crusade meant a holy war
Name the four rows of your feudal system pyramid in order:
Top: Kings/Popes
High: Lords
Mid: Knights and Vassals
Bottom: Peasants and Serfs
What does “self-sufficient” mean when describing a manor?
Self-Sufficient means that it can function on its own
What church penalty did Pope Gregory VII impose on Henry IV?
Excommunication
Where did the boats containing the black plague originate?
Asia
What city did Crusaders aim to recover?
Jerusalem
What did a vassal promise to a lord to obtain a fief?
(Fief is the vocab word for land)
Service and loyalty particularly in military battles
Describe crop rotation and it how it worked on the manor:
Crop rotation, where fields would be left alone every other season to allow the ground to recover.
What appointment caused a conflict between Henry IV and Gregory VII?
Who had the power to appoint bishops
How did isolation of arriving sailors help Italian port cities slow plague?
Officials kept sailors apart until they knew they were not carrying the illness, reducing opportunities for its spread.
What did Pope Urban II promise to do for the peasants if they signed up and fought in the war?
Guaranteed entry into Heaven
How did the Black Death weaken Feudalism as a whole?
The Black Death wiped out so many workers so Feudalism could not function
What four things did a plot of land need in order to be considered "a manor"?
Lord House, Peasant Housing, Farmland, and a religious establishment such as a chapel
How did Henry IV respond after Gregory VII excommunicated him?
He asked the pope for forgiveness and stood barefoot in the snow while seeking an audience.
What was stuffed into plague doctor's masks and why did they stuff it with those materials
Dried flowers, herbs, and spices
The thought was that if you smell something nice the bubonic plague would not seep into your body.
Describe the "knight problem" which was Cause #2 on your Crusades notes:
Knights were difficult to control, often raided without command. Chivalry and Tournaments not enough to stop them.
What was the main difference between freeman and serfs?
Both were considered peasants, but freeman were allowed to leave manors if they wanted to whereas serfs could not
Describe "strip farming" and how it worked on the manor:
Rather than farming square plots like we do today, medieval farmers planted in ‘strips’. Every few ‘strips’ would be farmed for the Lord or the Church
What did kings often claim which made people, other than the pope, afraid to go against him?
Kings often claimed that they were chosen to do this by God
What was the medical term "bloodletting" and why was it used?
Bloodletting is intentionally draining blood out of your body. The medical idea was that your body would replace the "bad blood" with "good blood".
Since most peasants left unprepared for the war that they had signed up for what did they have to do on their way to Jerusalem?
Raid local villages and steal supplies to supplement their own