Byzantine Empire
This city was the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
What is Constantinople?
The head of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages.
Who is the Pope?
Charlemagne was the king of this group of people.
Who are The Franks?
This was the system of loyalty and protection that organized medieval society.
What is Feudalism?
This was the main purpose of castles in the Middle Ages.
What is protection or defense?
This emperor created a legal code that preserved Roman law for future civilizations.
Who is Justinian?
The Church collected this type of tax, usually 10% of a person’s income.
What is a tithe?
Charlemagne was crowned this by the Pope, although he wasn't Holy or Roman.
What is the Holy Roman Emperor?
The large farming estate that formed the economic heart of the medieval countryside.
What is a Manor?
The code of conduct that knights were expected to follow.
What is chivalry?
The split between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East is known as this.
What is the Great Schism?
The Church built these large and impressive buildings that were the center of religious life in towns.
What are Cathedral's?
Charlemagne helped spread this religion across his empire.
What is Christianity?
Manors were mostly this, meaning they provided everything people needed.
What is self-sufficient?
This deep, water-filled ditch surrounded many castles for defense.
What is a moat?
Byzantine artists were known for creating these colorful religious images made from small pieces of glass and stone.
What are mosaics?
The church owned how much land in Europe in the Middle Ages?
What is 30%?
Charlemagne believed in the power of this, so he opened schools for boys across his empire.
What is education?
In the feudal system, these people worked the land for protection.
Who are serfs or peasants?
These openings in the ceilings of castle gateways allowed defenders to drop rocks, hot oil, or arrows on enemies below.
What are murder holes?
One major contribution of the Byzantine Empire was preserving and spreading the knowledge of these two ancient civilizations.
What is Greece and Rome?
The Church used this punishment to control rulers and nobles, cutting them off from the Church and Christian community.
What is excommunication?
Charlemagne’s empire helped bring back order and learning after the fall of this ancient empire.
What is the Roman Empire?
These powerful landowners gave land to knights in exchange for loyalty and service.
What are nobles or lords?
Chivalry taught knights to protect these three groups of people.
Who are the weak, the church, and their lord (or women, the church, and the defenseless)?