Feudalism
This agreement gave land to vassals in return for loyalty and military service.
What is the feudal contract (feudalism)?
This community refers to the Christian nations united under the Church.
What is Christendom?
He reunited much of Western Europe and encouraged learning.
Who is Charlemagne?
As trade grew, this new social class of merchants and artisans emerged.
What is the middle class?
The First Crusade aimed to recapture this region from Muslim control.
What is the Holy Land?
This system made medieval estates self-sufficient and protected.
What is the manorial system?
By threatening excommunication, the Church proved it could influence rulers using this type of power.
What is spiritual power (over political authority)?
The Pope’s coronation of Charlemagne in 800 CE symbolized the union of these two types of authority.
What are Christian and political authority?
As towns grew, people began buying and selling goods in these busy, open areas at the center of town life.
What are marketplaces?
A major cause of the Crusades was a call from this religious leader.
Who is the Pope?
These people had the least rights and power in medieval society.
Who are serfs?
These religious communities served as centers of learning, preserved texts, and helped the poor.
What are monasteries?
The term for Charlemagne’s empire of Christian kingdoms is this.
What is Christendom?
The revival of long-distance trade increased demand for luxury goods from this region.
What is the East / Asia?
These wars increased cultural exchange and trade for Europeans.
What are the Crusades?
Labor shortages from this disaster increased wages and helped weaken feudalism.
What is the Bubonic Plague / Black Death?
This conflict between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor revealed the struggle over who appoints bishops.
What is the Investiture Controversy?
Charlemagne’s grandfather stopped the advance of Muslim armies into Western Europe at the Battle of Tours in 732.
Who is Charles Martel?
The name of the trade route that connected Asia to Europe.
What is the Silk Road
One negative result of the Crusades was deepened tension among these religious groups.
Who are Christians, Muslims, and Jews?
Improved farming and revived long-distance trade helped these places grow in the late Middle Ages.
What are towns?
One long-term effect of the Bubonic Plague was a loss of faith in this institution.
What is the Church?
The Nickname given to Charles Martel due to his fighting style.
What is The Hammer?
These organizations controlled prices, quality, and training in medieval towns.
What are guilds?
This long-term result of the Crusades boosted cities, merchants, and Europe’s economy.
What is the expansion of Mediterranean trade networks and urban growth?