Crusades
The Crusades were fought over which city/area?
Jerusalem/Holy Land
The supreme authority of the Catholic Church
Pope
How did the plague spread?
Fleas on Rats.
___________ was an government system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty or service.
Feudalism
Invaders from Scandinavia who traveled and looted around Europe
Vikings
Pope Urban asked Europeans to join the Crusades to help which empire from the Ottoman Turks?
Byzantine Empire
The ruler of the Holy Roman Empire who wanted to create a "new Rome" and was crowned by the Pope
Charlemagne
The King often granted the land to _______ who pledged their loyalty by swearing to serve and protect the king.
Lord
A preaching/teaching that goes against the Catholic Church
Heresy
Why did people join the Crusades?
They were promised entry to heaven & remission of sins
A piece of paper that Catholics paid for to say their sins were forgiven
Indulgence
How did people react to the Plague?
Flagellants, blaming Jews, blood letting/leaches, etc
The archbishop killed by Henry II's knights for going against the king (& doing his job)
Thomas Beckett
Who won the First Crusades?
Europeans/Crusaders
English nobles forced King John to sign this document
Magna Carta
What fraction of Europe's population died as a result of the plague?
Between 1/2 and 2/3
Code of conduct that knights had to follow
Chivalry
Type of architecture in the Middle Ages
Gothic Architecture
Effects of the Crusades?
Increased religious intolerance, more trade, decline of feudalism, more money and power to kings and Popes
1 Effect of the Magna Carta?
Protects rights of nobles, limits power of King, provides due process of law for citizens
What are 2 effects of the Plague?
Loss of faith in the Church, loss of population, less work force/trading, end of feudalism
A person who is obedient to another
Vassal
3 characteristics of Gothic Architecture?