Feudal System
What kind of system is Feudalism?
Social and political
What is the Holy Land? What is the Holy City?
Area of Middle East sacred to Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Jerusalem
What is Manorialism?
An economic system of producing, distributing, and consuming all necessary goods within a Manor, allowing for self-sufficiency
True or false: The Roman Catholic Church was the single largest unifying organization in medieval Europe.
True
A key element in the spread of the plague.
Trade
What caused the creation of Feudalism?
Lack of protection and unified Kingdoms
What was the catalyst for the Crusades?
Lack of Christian access to the Holy Land
List the three agricultural advancements that helped transition from Manor to Town.
New plow
3 Field System
Utilization of Horses
Define pilgrimage.
A journey undertaken to gain religious or spiritual understanding.
The process of self-punishment practiced by those who believed the plague was sent as punishment from God.
Flagellation
Who were serfs and freeman?
Serf - worker bound to the land via contract
Freeman - skilled workers who paid rent and could leave the manor
List three reasons someone might join the Crusades.
Religious belief/duty as a Christian
Forgiveness of sins
Serfs freed from role in Feudal system
Church would pay debts
Claim riches, loot, plunder
Adventure
What was the three field system and how did it help increase food supply?
Plant two different crops on two field and leave the third field empty for grazing and manure to enrich the soil. Each season alternate what two field you plant crops on
Describe Pope Urban II message at the Council of Clermont.
Churches are being destroyed in the East and those who join and fight in the Crusades to defend the Church will have sins forgiven
The treaty that ended the Third Crusade and left Richard the Lionheart with a small coastal territory in the Middle East.
Treaty of Jaffa
Feudalism was a system that exchanged ___________ for ___________.
Land for protection
Explain the role Pope Urban II played in the Crusades.
Emperor Alexios of Byzantine askes Pope Urban II for help fighting the Seljuk Turks. Pope Urban II agrees and calls for the Crusades for the religious aspect (its Gods will to reclaim the Holy Lands), to show the Western Churches power over the East, and to minimize conflict in Europe.
An increase in food supply led to what two things?
Population increase
Surplus of food to trade/feed animals/sell
What role did the Church play in the Feudal System?
The Church helped legitimize the feudal system through the Divine Right of Kings
The name for the summary provided at the beginning of most academic journals.
The shift from manors to towns as well as the Crusades.
List and explain two effects of the Crusades.
Simulated trade - Crusaders need supplies, port cities become important trading centers, new products from foreign land spread
Weakened Feudalism - Nobles/knights left to fight, serfs given freedom
Kings become more powerful - gain money, wealth, and prestige
Increase use of money - as trade grew
Spread of ideas, cultures, advancements - connection between Europe and Middle East grew, the more civilizations interact and trade the more they influence one another
Why did people move to towns? What formed as a result of an increase in trade? (2 answers)
Towns were trading hubs and essential to trade and trade routes
A wealthy merchant class/Guilds
How did Pope Leo III coronation of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor help both Charlemagne and the Church?
It helped legitimize Charlamagne's rule through God, while also strengthening the belief that the Church was a separate and more powerful system above Feudalism.
The philosophy that allowed Roman Catholic scholars to study both religion and worldly subjects by applying human logic and reason to religious matters.
Scholasticism