Attempt at reforming medieval church through councils of bishops; argued the church community, not the pope, could interpret scripture.
What is Conciliar Movement?
100
French peasant girl who claimed authority from God to lead French armies during the Hundred Years’ War
Who is Joan of Arc?
100
Noble who owed feudal duties and/or allegiance to a superior noble
What is a vassal?
100
Duke of Normandy who seized the throne of England in 1066
Who is William the Conqueror?
100
European architectural style of the 13 th century, distinguished by pointed arches and flying buttresses
What is Gothic?
200
English reformer, founder of the Lollard movement, which advocated individual interpretation of the Bible.
Who is John Wyclif?
200
English control of this French duchy contributed to England's control of the wool trade and brought economic prosperity.
What is Flanders?
200
System for crafts or trade unions, it set quality standards on work and controlled competition
What is the Guild system?
200
Site of the earliest law university in Western Europe
What is Bologna?
200
Philosopher and author of famous work, Summa Theologica
Who is St. Thomas Aquinas?
300
Period from 1378-1417 when there were two competing popes
What is Great Schism?
300
Some called the war a civil war because it saw English claims to Flanders as a way for the French monarchy to have diminished power over the French provinces. Moreover, they believed the English King would be weaker in his rule. As a result, the French nobles supported this side in the war.
Who are the English?
300
Farmland on a feudal estate that belonged exclusively to the lord
What is demesne?
300
Outbreak of violence against the Jewish population across Europe
What is pogrom?
300
Native oral language of a people; also applied to written works in time
What is the vernacular?
400
French city that served as seat of the Papacy during the period known as the Babylonian Captivity
What is Avignon?
400
In this major battle, English arches used new longbows effectively against the French; some say the English may have used gunpowder-charged cannon too.
What is Crecy?
400
Census of England, 1086, ordered by William the Conqueror
What is Domesday Book?
400
German emperor frustrated in attempts at unification by defeats in Italy
Who is Frederick Barbarossa?
400
Brokedown into 100 cantos: 33, 33, 33 and one for the introduction.
What is Divine Comedy?
500
Founder of the reforming monastic order, the Franciscans
Who is St. Francis of Assisi?
500
The English captured the French king and held him captive at in this city in 1356.
What is Poitiers?
500
Urban middle class
What is bourgeoisie?
500
Crisis between the Roman Church and the German emperor over the latter’s insistence that he, not the Pope, had authority to appoint German bishops
What is the Investiture Controversy?
500
Area of a city where many Jews were forced to live throughout the Middle Ages.