The Pope and the Patriarch are both leaders of Christian churches (Pope=Roman Catholicism and Patriarch=Eastern Orthodox.
100
What are 5 characteristics of the Byzantine Empire?
Code of Justinian, preservation of Greek/ Roman cultures, Hagia Sophia, capital city of Constantinople, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
100
List 4 vocabulary terms/important figures as related to Western Europe during the Middle Ages
Charlemagne, King John, Magna Carta, The Great Schism.
100
What was the economic reason for the institution of manorialism
A stable workforce
100
What was an important effect of the Hundred Years’ War on feudalism and knights?
A greater reliance on new weapons reduced the importance of knights.
200
How were religious images different between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?
The cross of the Eastern Orthodox Church has two additional horizontal lines than the cross that the Catholic Church supports.
200
Who defeated the Byzantine Army?
Seljuk Turks.
200
What were three effects that the Crusades had on Western Europe and Southwest Asia?
Growth of religious tolerance in Western Europe and Southwest Asia, increased trade with the Middle East and other parts of the world, and Europeans had greater exposure to new ideas and products.
200
What ended feudalism forcing nobles to pay higher wages to their former laborers (serfs)?
The Black Death and the death of many of Europe’s laborers (serfs).
200
What was a long-term effect of the Crusades on Europe?
An increased demand for goods from the East.
300
What was the purpose of the Crusades as witnessed by both sides (Christians and Muslims)?
Both sides have differing view. The Arab World felt the Crusades were viewed as Western encroachment and others felt that Europeans benefitted from the sophistication of the Arabs=remains a subject of modern debate and interpretation
300
What was one direct result of the Crusades?
Increased trade between Europe and the Middle East.
300
What was the political and legal impact of the Magna Carta?
The Magna Carta established the tradition of limited government.
300
An emphasis on social order was the main characteristic of which political system?
Feudalism
300
Why have the Crusades been called “history’s most successful failures?”
The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they brought about many desirable changes in Europe.
400
Which European institution united people but also held a considerable amount of power
Roman Catholic Church.
400
What was the reason Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire?
A Roman emperor had moved the capital of the empire eastwards.
400
What was a major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096-1291)?
Capture the holy land from Islamic rulers.
400
What was the primary characteristic of feudal society in medieval Europe?
An exchange of land for services.
400
How were St. Thomas Aquinas’ religious viewpoints different than those of St. Augustine?
St. Thomas Aquinas argued men could judge government laws against natural law and could overthrow unjust rulers.
500
What were positive effects of the spread of Christianity to Medieval Europe?
The Church provided a sense of unity and a source of learning.
500
What three factors contributed to the end of Medieval Europe?
Black Death killed 1/3 of Europe’s population, Hundred Year’s War contributed to monarchies building up large armies, and people moved to cities to receive better wages.
500
What caused the political system of Western Europe to become decentralized?
The collapse of the Roman Empire.
500
What legal and political ideas did the Code of Justinian and the Magna Carta promote?
Importance of individual rights (Code of Justinian) and limited government (Magan Carta).
500
What did the Indian Caste System and the European Feudal System have in common?
A division of society into hereditary social classes.