The Four Colonies
Name the four Middle Colonies.
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.
Who founded Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers and other religious groups?
William Penn.
What religious group was also known as the Friends?
The Quakers.
The Middle Colonies were nicknamed the Breadbasket Colonies because they grew large amounts of what?
Grain, especially wheat.
What was the original Dutch name of the settlement that became New York City?
New Amsterdam.
Before the English took control, New York was a Dutch colony known by what name?
New Netherland (also accept New Netherlands).
Which English explorer has a famous river, bay, and strait named after him?
Henry Hudson.
What does it mean to be a pacifist?
Someone who opposes violence and war.
Name two crops commonly grown in the Middle Colonies.
Any two: wheat, barley, or oats.
What Native American people lived in the Middle Colonies and interacted with William Penn?
The Lenape.
Which Middle Colony was originally settled by the Swedish before coming under English control?
Delaware.
Which Dutch leader nicknamed Peg Leg Pete surrendered New Amsterdam to the English?
Peter Stuyvesant.
Quakers believed people could have a direct relationship with God without needing what?
An official minister or priest.
What geographic features made the Middle Colonies excellent for farming? Name at least two.
Fertile soil, moderate climate, sufficient rainfall, and a long growing season.
What company established New Netherland primarily to make money through trade?
The Dutch West India Company.
Which two Middle Colonies were established under English control in 1664 after previously being Dutch colonies?
New York and New Jersey.
Who founded the Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers?
George Fox.
Name two ways Quaker beliefs about equality affected education or religious meetings.
Both boys and girls were educated, and women could speak in religious meetings.
Name two industries or trades in the Middle Colonies besides farming.
Any two: ironworking, shoemaking, cabinetmaking, weaving, fishing, whaling, or flour milling.
What was the difference between a royal government and a proprietary government?
A royal government was controlled by the king through an appointed governor. A proprietary government operated on land granted by the king to an individual or company.
Which Middle Colony was governed by Pennsylvania's governor until 1776?
Delaware.
Which Dutch lawyer helped establish representative local government and free-trade laws in New Amsterdam?
Adriaen van der Donck.
Quakers taught equality for all people, but colonial Pennsylvania did not fully practice this belief. Name one contradiction.
William Penn enslaved people; women could not vote or own property; or enslaved Africans were denied equal treatment.
Why were natural harbors important to the economy of the Middle Colonies?
They allowed ships to load and unload goods, making trade and exports easier.
In 1664, why did the Dutch surrender New Amsterdam to the English without a major battle?
They lacked the military power to defend the colony.