What was the strategy of the Gallipoli Campaign? (1945)
1. Secure the Dardanelles
2. Take Constantinople and defeat the Turks
3. Establish a supply line to Russia
100
- Zionist movement to help protect Jewish population
The Balfour Declaration
100
The process of removing salt from sea water
Desalination
100
What is Zionism?
- movement for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
- many Jews emigrated to Palestine after WW1 w/ support of the British Government
200
Hebrews believed that God is for all ________, but that they are God's _______ ________. Fill in the blanks
humanity and chosen people
200
What empire is being described?
1300-1918 CE
Centered in modern-day Turkey, south central Europe and North Africa
Capital- Constantinople
Sunni theocracy ruled by strong sultans
Vast and diverse population
highly structured government and military
justice based legal code
Largest Islamic empire in history
Arts and Sciences
Janissaries- loyal army of converted Christians
Ottoman Empire
200
- British government helping the Arabs gain their independence if they join the alliance
Letter from Sheriff Hussein to Sir Henry
200
Located at the merging point of 3 continents
- Europe
- Asia
- Africa
Crossroads of the World
200
Why did this conflict happen in the first place?
both believe the land belongs to them based on history and religion
300
Who followed the 5 pillars of the Faith and what was each one?
Islam people/ Jewish
Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj
300
What empire is being described?
1501-1747 CE
Persia- Modern Iran
Rivals of the Ottomans
Shia Islam
Efficient Government
Trade, agriculture, fine arts and science
The Safavid Empire
300
-demand for an independent Arab State
- To free Arab people from the Turkish Yoke
McMahon's Reply to Sheriff Hussein
300
(empty quarter)
A desert in southern Saudi Arabia where little plant and animal life exists
Rub-al-Khali
300
When was the first Arab attack?
1948 (war)
Arab nations attack the newly formed country of Israel on the 1st day of its independence
400
What were the two religious beliefs differ and how were they the same? (Not Judaism or Christianity)
Polytheistic- many gods
Monotheism- belief that there is only one god
Similar- many religions, based on worship of nature and ancestors
400
What are the negative relations between the two empires?
Sunni-Shi'a tensions
several wars
ongoing conflicts in modern Middle East
Sunni Ottoman Turks were typically favored by Euro imperialists
400
- Britain and France defining their respective spheres of post: World War 1 influence and control in the Middle East
The Sykes Picot Agreement (1916)
400
A dry river bed that can become an oasis during the rainy season
Wadi
400
What was the actions of the United Nations?
divide the land into 2 equal states
55% of land to Israel and 45% of land to Palestine
500
What is was the bible known as for each religion?
For Islam they called their bible to Torah and the Christians they called it the new testament
500
Why did the Ottoman Empire decline?
-weakened by wars and weak leadership
- increased taxes and supply of silver
- lost land and loss of intellectualism
- financial issues and ethnic groups wanted independence
500
- Try and end War
- Make Peace
President Wilson's 14 points
500
- land located around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
- has produced a food surplus over the centuries
- likely birthplace of agriculture and civilization
Fertile Crescent
500
- Egypt mobilized troops, Israel preemptively attacked
- Jordan and Syria invaded Israel
- Israel tripled its land upon defeating the Arab Nations
- Gained the Golan Heights, West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Sunni Peninsula
- Israeli control of 1 million Palestinians in the occupied territories (Gaza Strip and West Bank)