Political Structure and Administration
Political and religious leader
What is the role of a Pharaoh?
Nubia
Which region to the south of Egypt did the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom primarily focus on for military expansion?
Amun-Ra
Which gods were the primary deities worshiped by the pharaohs?
The Nile River
What river was central to Egypt’s agriculture?
Agriculture
What was the primary source of Egypt’s wealth and economic stability?
Mentuhotep II
Who was the pharaoh who is traditionally credited with reuniting Egypt at the start of the Middle Kingdom?
Sensuret III
Which pharaoh is most famous for leading military campaigns into Nubia?
The Tale of Sinuhe
What literary work tells the story of an Egyptian official's exile and return to Egypt?
Canals and basins to control the flow of water and enhance crop production
Which agricultural innovation helped increase crop yields and control flooding?
Levant, Nubia and the Sinai Peninsula
Which regions did Middle Kingdom Egypt trade with?
The 12th Dynasty
During the Middle Kingdom, which dynasty is often considered the height of political power and stability?
Secure resources on the southern boarder
What was the primary reason for Egypt's military campaigns into Nubia?
Pharaohs emphasised their connection to the gods through temple-building
Pharaohs promote the idea of their divine authority through which religious practices and monuments?
Amenemhat II and Senusret III
Which pharaohs played a role in promoting agricultural development?
The conquest of Nubia
How did the Conquest contribute to its economic development?
Nomarchs in decentralised administration
What role did "nomarchs" play in the administration of Middle Kingdom Egypt?
The Sinai Peninsula
Which other area did the Middle Kingdom pharaohs expand into to control trade routes and secure valuable resources?
Priesthood of Amun gained significant power, especially in Thebes
How did the role of the priesthood of Amun change?
Deir el Bahri (near Valley of the Kings)
Where did the shift from building pyramids to constructing tombs take place?
Amenemhat II and Senusret III
Which pharaohs’ improvements to infrastructure, supported economic growth?
Senusret III
Which Middle Kingdom pharaoh reformed the administrative system to centralise power, and conducted military campaigns to secure Egypt's borders?
Led to the establishment of military outposts and the incorporation of the region into Egypt's political system.
How did the Middle Kingdom military campaigns in Nubia affect Egypt’s administrative system?
Religious beliefs about the afterlife became more accessible to a wider range of people
How did Middle Kingdom religious beliefs evolve regarding the afterlife?
Mentuhotep II
Which Pharaohs shifted from Pyramids to temples and tombs?
The Sinai Peninsula
Which trade route assisted with Egypt's economic prosperity?